Virginia Standards of Learning
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VA.9-12.Virginia 2010 Science Standards of Learning
Virginia 2010 Science Standards of Learning
PHYSICS
PH.1. The student will plan and conduct investigations using experimental design and product design processes. Key concepts include
PH.1.b) Instruments are selected and used to extend observations and measurements.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Lab Investigations
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The Science of Chemistry
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The Science of Physics
PH.1.c) Information is recorded and presented in an organized format.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set II
PH.1.g) Appropriate technology, including computers, graphing calculators, and probeware, is used for gathering and analyzing data and communicating results.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Lab Investigations
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The Science of Chemistry
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The Science of Physics
PH.10. The student will investigate and understand how to use the field concept to describe the effects of gravitational, electric, and magnetic forces. Key concepts include
PH.11. The student will investigate and understand how to diagram, construct, and analyze basic electrical circuits and explain the function of various circuit components. Key concepts include
PH.12. The student will investigate and understand that extremely large and extremely small quantities are not necessarily described by the same laws as those studied in Newtonian physics. Key concepts may include
PH.2. The student will investigate and understand how to analyze and interpret data. Key concepts include
PH.2.a) A description of a physical problem is translated into a mathematical statement in order to find a solution.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Momentum and Collisions
PH.3. The student will investigate and demonstrate an understanding of the nature of science, scientific reasoning, and logic. Key concepts include
PH.3.b) Analysis of how science explains and predicts relationships.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Lab Investigations
PH.5. The student will investigate and understand the interrelationships among mass, distance, force, and time through mathematical and experimental processes. Key concepts include
PH.5.a) Linear motion.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Momentum and Collisions
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Work and Energy
PH.5.b) Uniform circular motion.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rotational Motion/Universal Gravitation
PH.5.d) Newton's laws of motion.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Momentum and Collisions
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Properties of Matter
PH.5.e) Gravitation.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rotational Motion/Universal Gravitation
PH.6. The student will investigate and understand that quantities including mass, energy, momentum, and charge are conserved. Key concepts include
PH.6.a) Kinetic and potential energy.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Reactions
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Electricity and Electrical Energy - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Electricity and Electrical Energy - Set II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Heat
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Kinetics and Equilibrium
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Matter and Energy
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Momentum and Collisions
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Work and Energy
PH.7. The student will investigate and understand that energy can be transferred and transformed to provide USAble work. Key concepts include
PH.7.a) Transfer and storage of energy among systems including mechanical, thermal, gravitational, electromagnetic, chemical, and nuclear systems.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game States of Matter
PH.8. The student will investigate and understand wave phenomena. Key concepts include
PH.8.a) Wave characteristics.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Magnetism
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Vibrations and Waves
PH.8.b) Fundamental wave processes.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Sound
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Vibrations and Waves
PH.9. The student will investigate and understand that different frequencies and wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum are phenomena ranging from radio waves through visible light to gamma radiation. Key concepts include
PH.9.a) The properties, behaviors, and relative size of radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Vibrations and Waves
BIOLOGY
BIO.1. The student will demonstrate an understanding of scientific reasoning, logic, and the nature of science by planning and conducting investigations in which
BIO.1.i) Appropriate technology, including computers, graphing calculators, and probeware, is used for gathering and analyzing data, communicating results, modeling concepts, and simulating experimental conditions.
Vocabulary Terms Introduction to cells
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Introduction to cells
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The science of biology
BIO.1.m) Current applications of biological concepts are used.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Lab investigations/scientific method
BIO.2. The student will investigate and understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. Key concepts include
BIO.2.b) The structure and function of macromolecules.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell Reproduction
BIO.2.d) The capture, storage, transformation, and flow of energy through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration.
Vocabulary Terms Photosynthesis and respiration
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell processes
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Photosynthesis and respiration
BIO.3. The student will investigate and understand relationships between cell structure and function. Key concepts include
BIO.3.a) Evidence supporting the cell theory.
Vocabulary Terms Introduction to cells
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Introduction to cells
BIO.3.b) Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Vocabulary Terms Cell structure and function
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell structure and function
BIO.3.c) Similarities between the activities of the organelles in a single cell and a whole organism.
Vocabulary Terms Cell structure and function
Vocabulary Terms Human biology I
Vocabulary Terms Human biology II
Vocabulary Terms Introduction to cells
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell processes
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell structure and function
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Human biology I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Human biology II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Introduction to cells
BIO.3.d) The cell membrane model.
Vocabulary Terms Cell structure and function
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell processes
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell structure and function
BIO.3.e) The impact of surface area to volume ratio on cell division, material transport, and other life processes.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell Reproduction
BIO.4. The student will investigate and understand life functions of Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. Key concepts include
BIO.4.a) Comparison of their metabolic activities.
Vocabulary Terms Human biology I
Vocabulary Terms Human biology II
Vocabulary Terms Photosynthesis and respiration
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell processes
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Human biology I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Human biology II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Photosynthesis and respiration
BIO.4.b) Maintenance of homeostasis.
Vocabulary Terms Human biology I
Vocabulary Terms Human biology II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell processes
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Human biology I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Human biology II
BIO.4.c) How the structures and functions vary among and within the Eukarya kingdoms of protists, fungi, plants, and animals, including humans.
Vocabulary Terms Introduction to animals
Vocabulary Terms Microorganisms II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Introduction to animals
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Introduction to plants
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Microorganisms II
BIO.4.d) Human health issues, human anatomy, and body systems.
Vocabulary Terms Microorganisms I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Microorganisms I
BIO.4.e) How viruses compare with organisms.
Vocabulary Terms Microorganisms I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Microorganisms I
BIO.5. The student will investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. Key concepts include
BIO.5.d) Prediction of inheritance of traits based on the Mendelian laws of heredity.
Vocabulary Terms Genetics and heredity I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Genetics and heredity I
BIO.5.e) Historical development of the structural model of DNA.
Vocabulary Terms Nucleic acids and protein synthesis
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell Reproduction
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Nucleic acids and protein synthesis
BIO.5.g) The structure, function, and replication of nucleic acids.
Vocabulary Terms Nucleic acids and protein synthesis
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell Reproduction
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Nucleic acids and protein synthesis
BIO.5.h) Events involved in the construction of proteins.
Vocabulary Terms Nucleic acids and protein synthesis
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Nucleic acids and protein synthesis
BIO.5.i) Use, limitations, and misuse of genetic information.
Vocabulary Terms DNA technology/genetic engineering
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game DNA technology/genetic engineering
BIO.5.j) Exploration of the impact of DNA technologies.
Vocabulary Terms DNA technology/genetic engineering
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game DNA technology/genetic engineering
BIO.6. The student will investigate and understand bases for modern classification systems. Key concepts include
BIO.6.a) Structural similarities among organisms.
Vocabulary Terms Introduction to animals
Vocabulary Terms Invertebrates I
Vocabulary Terms Invertebrates II
Vocabulary Terms Microorganisms II
Vocabulary Terms Vertebrates I
Vocabulary Terms Vertebrates II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Introduction to animals
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Introduction to plants
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Invertebrates I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Invertebrates II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Microorganisms II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Vertebrates I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Vertebrates II
BIO.6.e) Systems of classification that are adaptable to new scientific discoveries.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Evolution and classification
BIO.7. The student will investigate and understand how populations change through time. Key concepts include
BIO.7.b) How genetic variation, reproductive strategies, and environmental pressures impact the survival of populations.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Evolution and classification
BIO.7.c) How natural selection leads to adaptations.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Evolution and classification
BIO.7.e) Scientific evidence and explanations for biological evolution.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Evolution and classification
BIO.8. The student will investigate and understand dynamic equilibria within populations, communities, and ecosystems. Key concepts include
BIO.8.a) Interactions within and among populations including carrying capacities, limiting factors, and growth curves.
Vocabulary Terms Ecology I
Vocabulary Terms Ecology II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Ecology I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Ecology II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Evolution and classification
BIO.8.b) Nutrient cycling with energy flow through ecosystems.
Vocabulary Terms Ecology I
Vocabulary Terms Ecology II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Ecology I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Ecology II
BIO.8.e) Analysis of the flora, fauna, and microorganisms of Virginia ecosystems.
Vocabulary Terms Ecology I
Vocabulary Terms Ecology II
Vocabulary Terms Microorganisms I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Ecology I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Ecology II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Microorganisms I
CHEMISTRY
CH.1. The student will investigate and understand that experiments in which variables are measured, analyzed, and evaluated produce observations and verifiable data. Key concepts include
CH.1.a) Designated laboratory techniques.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Measurements and Calculations
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Thermodynamics
CH.1.f) Mathematical and procedural error analysis.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Thermodynamics
CH.1.g) Mathematical manipulations including SI units, scientific notation, linear equations, graphing, ratio and proportion, significant digits, and dimensional analysis.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Thermodynamics
CH.1.j) The use of current applications to reinforce chemistry concepts.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Measurements and Calculations
CH.2. The student will investigate and understand that the placement of elements on the periodic table is a function of their atomic structure. The periodic table is a tool used for the investigations of
CH.2.a) Average atomic mass, mass number, and atomic number.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Elements - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Elements - Set II
CH.2.b) Isotopes, half lives, and radioactive decay.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Atomic and Nuclear Physics
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Nuclear Chemistry
CH.2.c) Mass and charge characteristics of subatomic particles.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Atomic and Nuclear Physics
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Atomic Structure - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Atomic Structure - Set II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Magnetism
CH.2.d) Families or groups.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Elements - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Elements - Set II
CH.2.g) Electron configurations, valence electrons, and oxidation numbers.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Formulas and Bonding
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Elements - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Elements - Set II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set II
CH.2.h) Chemical and physical properties.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Compounds - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Compounds - Set II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Elements - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Elements - Set II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Mixtures and Compounds
CH.3. The student will investigate and understand how conservation of energy and matter is expressed in chemical formulas and balanced equations. Key concepts include
CH.3.a) Nomenclature.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Compounds - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Compounds - Set II
CH.3.c) Writing chemical formulas.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Formulas and Bonding
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Measurements and Calculations
CH.3.d) Bonding types.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Formulas and Bonding
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Organic Chemistry
CH.3.e) Reaction types.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Reactions
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Kinetics and Equilibrium
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Oxidation, Reduction and Electrochemistry
CH.3.f) Reaction rates, kinetics, and equilibrium.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Reactions
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Kinetics and Equilibrium
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Thermodynamics
CH.4. The student will investigate and understand that chemical quantities are based on molar relationships. Key concepts include
CH.4.d) Acid/base theory; strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes; dissociation and ionization; pH and pOH; and the titration process.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Acids, Bases and Salts
CH.5. The student will investigate and understand that the phases of matter are explained by kinetic theory and forces of attraction between particles. Key concepts include
CH.5.a) Pressure, temperature, and volume.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game States of Matter
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Thermodynamics
CH.5.b) Partial pressure and gas laws.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Gases
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Matter and Energy
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Properties of Matter
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game States of Matter
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Thermodynamics
CH.5.c) Vapor pressure.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Gases
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Matter and Energy
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Properties of Matter
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game States of Matter
CH.5.d) Phase changes.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Heat
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Matter and Energy
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game States of Matter
CH.5.e) Molar heats of fusion and vaporization.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Heat
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Thermodynamics
CH.6. The student will investigate and understand how basic chemical properties relate to organic chemistry and biochemistry. Key concepts include
CH.6.a) Unique properties of carbon that allow multi-carbon compounds.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Organic Chemistry
CH.6.b) Uses in pharmaceuticals and genetics, petrochemicals, plastics, and food.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Organic Chemistry
EARTH SCIENCE
ES.1. The student will plan and conduct investigations in which
ES.1.b) Technologies, including computers, probeware, and geospatial technologies, are used to collect, analyze, and report data and to demonstrate concepts and simulate experimental conditions.
Vocabulary Terms Earthquakes
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Earthquakes
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Lab investigations
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Lab Investigations
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Lab Investigations/Scientific Method
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Lab investigations/scientific method
ES.1.c) Scales, diagrams, charts, graphs, tables, imagery, models, and profiles are constructed and interpreted.
Vocabulary Terms Maps as Models of the Earth
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Maps as Models of the Earth
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The History of Earth
ES.1.d) Maps and globes are read and interpreted, including location by latitude and longitude.
Vocabulary Terms Maps as Models of the Earth
Vocabulary Terms Weather II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Maps as Models of the Earth
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Weather II
ES.1.f) Current applications are used to reinforce Earth science concepts.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Lab investigations
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The Science of Earth Science
ES.10. The student will investigate and understand that oceans are complex, interactive physical, chemical, and biological systems and are subject to long- and short-term variations. Key concepts include
ES.10.a) Physical and chemical changes related to tides, waves, currents, sea level and ice cap variations, upwelling, and salinity variations.
Vocabulary Terms Oceans
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Oceans
ES.10.b) Importance of environmental and geologic implications.
Vocabulary Terms Oceans
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Oceans
ES.10.c) Systems interactions.
Vocabulary Terms Oceans
Vocabulary Terms Weather II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Oceans
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Weather II
ES.10.d) Features of the sea floor as reflections of tectonic processes.
Vocabulary Terms Plate Tectonics
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Plate Tectonics
ES.11. The student will investigate and understand the origin and evolution of the atmosphere and the interrelationship of geologic processes, biologic processes, and human activities on its composition and dynamics. Key concepts include
ES.11.c) Atmospheric regulation mechanisms including the effects of density differences and energy transfer.
Vocabulary Terms Climate
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Climate
ES.11.d) Potential changes to the atmosphere and climate due to human, biologic, and geologic activity.
Vocabulary Terms Climate
Vocabulary Terms The Atmosphere
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Climate
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The Atmosphere
ES.12. The student will investigate and understand that energy transfer between the sun and Earth and its atmosphere drives weather and climate on Earth. Key concepts include
ES.12.a) Observation and collection of weather data.
Vocabulary Terms Weather II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Weather II
ES.12.b) Prediction of weather patterns.
Vocabulary Terms Weather II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Weather II
ES.12.c) Severe weather occurrences, such as tornadoes, hurricanes, and major storms.
Vocabulary Terms Weather II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Weather II
ES.12.d) Weather phenomena and the factors that affect climate including radiation, conduction, and convection.
Vocabulary Terms Climate
Vocabulary Terms Oceans
Vocabulary Terms Weather I
Vocabulary Terms Weather II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Climate
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Oceans
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Weather I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Weather II
ES.13. The student will investigate and understand scientific concepts related to the origin and evolution of the universe. Key concepts include
ES.13.a) Cosmology including the Big Bang theory.
Vocabulary Terms Our Solar System
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Our Solar System
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The History of Earth
ES.13.b) The origin and evolution of stars, star systems, and galaxies.
Vocabulary Terms Our Solar System
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Our Solar System
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The History of Earth
ES.3. The student will investigate and understand the characteristics of Earth and the solar system. Key concepts include
ES.3.a) Position of Earth in the solar system.
Vocabulary Terms The Sun-Earth-Moon System
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The Sun-Earth-Moon System
ES.3.b) Sun-Earth-moon relationships; (seasons, tides, and eclipses).
Vocabulary Terms The Sun-Earth-Moon System
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The Sun-Earth-Moon System
ES.3.c) Characteristics of the sun, planets and their moons, comets, meteors, and asteroids.
Vocabulary Terms Our Solar System
Vocabulary Terms The Sun-Earth-Moon System
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Our Solar System
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The Sun-Earth-Moon System
ES.3.d) The history and contributions of space exploration.
Vocabulary Terms Our Solar System
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Our Solar System
ES.4. The student will investigate and understand how to identify major rock-forming and ore minerals based on physical and chemical properties. Key concepts include
ES.4.a) Hardness, color and streak, luster, cleavage, fracture, and unique properties.
Vocabulary Terms Minerals I
Vocabulary Terms Minerals II
Vocabulary Terms Rocks - Set I
Vocabulary Terms Rocks - Set II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Minerals I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Minerals II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks - Set II
ES.4.b) Uses of minerals.
Vocabulary Terms Minerals I
Vocabulary Terms Minerals II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Minerals I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Minerals II
ES.5. The student will investigate and understand the rock cycle as it relates to the origin and transformation of rock types and how to identify common rock types based on mineral composition and textures. Key concepts include
ES.5.a) Igneous rocks.
Vocabulary Terms Rocks - Set I
Vocabulary Terms Rocks - Set II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks - Set II
ES.5.b) Sedimentary rocks.
Vocabulary Terms Rocks - Set I
Vocabulary Terms Rocks - Set II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks - Set II
ES.5.c) Metamorphic rocks.
Vocabulary Terms Rocks - Set I
Vocabulary Terms Rocks - Set II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks - Set I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks - Set II
ES.6. The student will investigate and understand the differences between renewable and nonrenewable resources. Key concepts include
ES.6.d) Environmental costs and benefits.
Vocabulary Terms Oceans
Vocabulary Terms The Atmosphere
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Oceans
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The Atmosphere
ES.7. The student will investigate and understand geologic processes including plate tectonics. Key concepts include
ES.7.a) Geologic processes and their resulting features.
Vocabulary Terms Earthquakes
Vocabulary Terms Plate Tectonics
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Earthquakes
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Plate Tectonics
ES.7.b) Tectonic processes.
Vocabulary Terms Earthquakes
Vocabulary Terms Plate Tectonics
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Earthquakes
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Plate Tectonics
ES.8. The student will investigate and understand how freshwater resources are influenced by geologic processes and the activities of humans. Key concepts include
ES.8.a) Processes of soil development.
Vocabulary Terms Weathering and Erosion
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Weathering and Erosion
ES.8.c) Relationships between groundwater zones, including saturated and unsaturated zones, and the water table.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Groundwater Resources
ES.8.d) Identification of sources of fresh water including rivers, springs, and aquifers, with reference to the hydrologic cycle.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Groundwater Resources
ES.8.e) Dependence on freshwater resources and the effects of human USAge on water quality.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Groundwater Resources
ES.9. The student will investigate and understand that many aspects of the history and evolution of Earth and life can be inferred by studying rocks and fossils. Key concepts include
ES.9.a) Traces and remains of ancient, often extinct, life are preserved by various means in many sedimentary rocks.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Fossils I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Fossils II
ES.9.b) Superposition, cross-cutting relationships, index fossils, and radioactive decay are methods of dating bodies of rock.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Fossils I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Fossils II
ES.9.c) Absolute and relative dating have different applications but can be used together to determine the age of rocks and structures.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Fossils I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Fossils II
ES.9.d) Rocks and fossils from many different geologic periods and epochs are found in Virginia.
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Fossils I
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Fossils II
Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The History of Earth
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