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Government and Political Systems
Social Studies, Grade 3
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Study Guide Government and Political Systems Social Studies, Grade 3
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GOVERNMENT
AND
POLITICAL
SYSTEMS
What
is
a
government?
A
government
is
people
who
make
decisions
about
a
city,
state,
or
country.
A
democratic
system
exists
when
the
people
who
run
the
government
are
selected
by
the
citizens.
An
autocratic
system
has
a
ruler
who
came
to
power
by
strength
or
birth.
Some
examples
of
different
governments:
Monarchy
-
a
government
in
which
a
King
or
Queen
or
Emperor
has
supreme
power
Totalitarian
-
also
called
dictatorship
in
which
government
is
ruled
by
a
single
party
without
opposition
Direct
Democracy
-
government
run
by
citizens
Commonwealth
-
group
of
self-governing
states
loosely
associated
with
a
country
Republic
–
A
government
in
which
citizens
elect
representatives
to
speak
for
them.
The
United
States
is
a
republic.
Communism
-
a
political
system
in
which
goods
are
owned
and
shared
by
everyone
Socialism
-
government
ownership
of
all
goods
and
services
distributed
according
to
work
done
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Vocabulary:
•
Candidate
-
a
person
who
runs
for
office.
He
or
she
wants
to
represent
the
citizens.
•
Vote
-
to
elect
leaders
for
government.
When
we
vote
we
give
our
consent,
or
permission,
for
our
candidate
to
make
and
carry
out
our
laws.
•
Ballot
-
an
electronic
or
printed
form
used
to
vote
•
Polling
place
-
the
place
where
voters
cast
their
ballots
•
Electoral
College
-
people
chosen
by
the
voters
of
each
state
to
cast
the
official
votes
for
president
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•
Executive
Branch
(in
U.S.
democratic
structure)
o
President
-
head
of
the
federal
government
o
Governor
-
head
of
the
state
government
o
Mayor
-
head
of
the
local
government
•
Veto
-
power
of
the
executive
to
reject
new
laws
•
Legislative
Branch
(in
U.S.
democracy)
-
makes
the
laws
o
Senate
o
Representatives
(Also
called
the
Assembly
in
state
government)
•
Judicial
Branch
–
(in
U.S.
democratic
structure)
judges
and
courts
interpret
the
laws
and
decide
on
punishment
for
those
who
break
the
laws
•
Capitol
-
the
main
government
building
where
governing
groups
meet
•
Capital
-
the
city
where
government
offices
are
located
•
Federal
-
refers
to
the
government
of
our
whole
country
•
Tax
-
money
citizens
pay
for
government
services
•
Parliament
-
a
group
of
people
who
choose
their
leader
referred
to
as
the
Prime
Minister
in
a
British
system
of
government
In
the
United
States
we
have
local,
state,
and
federal
governments.
Services
provided
by
local
governments.
Use
tax
money
to
pay
for
public
education,
school
busing,
public
library,
police
and
fire
departments,
parks,
roads,
sidewalks,
bike
paths.
Some
local
governments
pay
for
public
transportation,
public
swimming
pools,
senior
center,
sports
leagues,
and
trash
removal.
Services
of
state
governments.
Make
the
laws
for
the
state.
Make
rules
for
public
schools
and
colleges.
Collect
and
distribute
taxes
in
the
state.
Courts
decide
if
state
laws
have
been
broken.
Services
of
federal
government.
Make
laws
for
the
entire
country.
Provide
for
Armed
Services
such
as
Army,
Navy,
Marines,
Coast
Guard,
National
Guard.
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Political
Parties
–
The
Federalist
Party
-
In
the
early
days
of
the
US,
some
men
including
Alexander
Hamilton
and
other
wealthy
businessmen
believed
in
a
strong
national
government.
They
valued
strong
economic
ties
with
England.
The
Democratic
Republican
Party
-
Thomas
Jefferson
and
other
men
believed
state
governments
should
be
stronger
than
the
central
government.
They
favored
low
government
spending.
The
Democratic
Party
-
Formed
in
1828,
it
favored
social
programs
to
help
small
farmers
and
city
workers.
The
Republican
Party
-
In
1854,
it
was
formed
by
men
who
wanted
to
end
slavery.
Sometimes,
it
is
referred
to
as
the
GOP,
its
nickname
that
stands
for
Grand
Old
Party.
The
Green
Party
-
formed
by
consumer
groups
and
environmentalists.
Some
political
parties
are
no
longer
in
existence.
•
National
Prohibition
Party
-
Formed
in
1872
by
men
who
did
not
want
any
alcohol
sold
in
the
U.S.
•
Progressive
Party
-
Formed
in
1912
supported
government
reform
and
woman’s
suffrage.
•
The
Whigs
-
Formed
in
1834,
to
oppose
the
Democrats,
they
believed
in
limiting
the
power
of
the
president.
By
1861,
they
were
no
longer
a
party.
•
Know
Nothing
Party
-
formed
in
1856
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purchaser
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