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Weather and climate
Science, Grade 4
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Study Guide Weather and climate Science, Grade 4
❮
1
/
4
❯
WEATHER
AND
CLIMATE
The
Earth’s
Atmosphere
The
Earth
is
surrounded
by
layers
of
air
which
make
up
the
Earth’s
atmosphere.
What
is
Weather?
Weather
is
the
outside
conditions
at
any
time.
Many
factors
affect
the
weather
such
as
the
sun,
atmosphere,
temperature,
water,
and
air
pressure.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
is
weather?
Words
you
may
hear
when
listening
to
a
weather
report:
Humidity
is
the
amount
of
water
vapor
in
the
air.
Air
pressure:
As
air
gets
close
to
the
Earth’s
surface
and
warms
up,
the
particles
in
the
air
move
farther
apart.
The
warm
air
then
pushes
down
with
less
pressure,
and
then
rises
forming
an
area
of
low
pressure.
Low
air
pressure
results
in
a
cloudy
day.
As
air
gets
close
to
the
Earth’s
surface
and
cools,
the
particles
in
the
air
move
extremely
close
together,
and
this
thick,
cooler
air
sinks,
forming
an
area
of
high
pressure.
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High
air
pressure
results
in
clear
skies.
When
air
moves
from
an
area
of
high
pressure
to
a
place
with
low
pressure,
WIND
is
created.
Air
Mass:
A
huge
body
of
air
that
has
practically
the
same
temperature
and
humidity.
The
movement
and
interaction
of
air
masses
cause
most
weather
conditions.
Fronts:
A
front
is
an
area
where
two
air
masses
meet.
A
warm
front
forms
when
a
warm
air
mass
bumps
into
a
cold
air
mass
that
is
not
moving
or
is
moving
at
a
slow
pace.
Warm
fronts
usually
move
more
slowly
than
cold
fronts.
A
cold
front
forms
when
a
cold
air
mass
bumps
into
a
warm
air
mass
that
is
moving
fast,
not
moving,
or
is
moving
at
a
slow
pace.
Climate:
The
word
climate
refers
to
the
typical
weather
throughout
the
year
in
the
same
area.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
is
an
air
mass?
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The
greenhouse
effect
is
the
rise
in
temperature
that
the
Earth
experiences
because
certain
gases
in
the
atmosphere
trap
energy
from
the
Sun.
The
Sun’s
energy
and
heat
would
escape
back
into
space
if
the
Earth
did
not
have
certain
gases
to
trap
it
and
it
would
be
MUCH
colder
here
on
Earth,
too
cold
to
live.
Tools
of
the
Weather
Trade
Meteorologists
use
many
tools
to
help
them
predict
and
record
the
weather
each
day.
A
thermometer
is
used
to
measure
temperature.
A
hygrometer
measures
humidity.
A
barometer
is
used
to
measure
air
pressure.
An
anemometer
is
used
to
measure
the
speed
of
the
wind.
A
weather
vane
measures
wind
direction.
A
rain
gauge
is
used
to
measure
the
amount
of
rainfall.
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purchaser
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educational
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Meteorologists
use
weather
maps
and
charts
to
record
measurements
and
information
about
the
weather
happening
in
many
areas.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
does
an
anemometer
measure?
Severe
Weather
Conditions
Sometimes
weather
can
be
severe
causing
great
damage
to
the
Earth’s
surface.
A
hurricane
is
a
storm
that
forms
over
oceans
with
winds
reaching
over
74
miles/119
kilometers
per
hour.
A
tornado
is
a
funnel-shaped
column
of
air
that
touches
the
ground
destroying
anything
in
its
path.
It
is
smaller
but
has
heavier
winds
than
a
hurricane.
A
drought
is
a
long
period
of
dry
weather.
A
flood
is
a
large
overflowing
of
water
onto
land
that
is
normally
dry.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
is
the
difference
between
a
flood
and
a
drought?
© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Permission
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for
the
purchaser
to
print
copies
for
non-commercial
educational
purposes
only.
Visit
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at
www.NewPathLearning.com.
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