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The energy of waves
Science, Grade 6
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Study Guide The energy of waves Science, Grade 6
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ENERGY
OF
WAVES
Wave
Basics
When
a
disturbance
transfers
energy
from
one
place
to
another,
this
is
referred
to
as
a
wave.
Most
waves,
except
for
electromagnetic
waves,
require
a
substance
or
medium
through
which
they
can
travel.
This
medium
could
be
a
solid,
liquid
or
vapor
like
air.
Waves
requiring
a
medium
are
called
mechanical
waves.
In
these
waves,
energy
is
transferred
from
particle
to
particle,
as
the
particles
bump
into
each
other
and
pass
along
the
waves
of
energy.
Basically,
the
source
of
energy
is
causing
the
particles
in
the
medium
to
vibrate.
Waves
of
energy
travel
through
the
particles
of
the
medium,
but
they
don't
carry
the
medium
with
them.
LESSON
CHECKPOINT:
What
is
the
relationship
between
a
medium
and
a
wave?
Mechanical
Waves
Mechanical
waves
are
classified
according
to
how
they
move.
The
two
types
of
mechanical
waves
are
transverse
and
longitudinal.
A
wave
that
moves
its
medium
at
90
degree
angles
to
the
direction
in
which
the
wave
is
going
is
transverse.
The
rope
in
the
picture
below
illustrates
a
transverse
wave.
Waves
that
move
the
medium
parallel
to
the
direction
of
the
wave
are
called
longitudinal.
The
picture
of
the
spring
illustrates
a
typical
longitudinal
wave.
In
the
diagram
above,
energy
creates
areas
of
compression
where
particles
of
the
medium
are
brought
close
together.
Areas
of
the
wave
where
the
mediums
particles
are
spread
out
are
called
rarefactions.
LESSON
CHECKPOINT:
What
are
the
two
different
types
of
mechanical
waves?
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The
term
amplitude
is
used
to
describe
the
maximum
distance
that
the
medium
particles
move
away
from
their
resting
position
when
a
wave
is
passing
through.
In
a
transverse
wave,
amplitude
would
describe
how
much
up
and
down
movement
the
particles
exhibit
and,
in
a
longitudinal
wave,
it
describes
the
amount
of
compression
and
rarefaction
that
occurs.
A
wavelength
is
the
distance
between
two
corresponding
locations
on
a
wave.
The
diagram
above
also
shows
examples
of
wave
frequency.
Frequency
is
the
number
of
waves
that
pass
a
location
in
a
certain
amount
of
time.
The
more
complete
waves
that
pass
a
given
point
in
a
certain
amount
of
time,
the
greater
the
frequency.
As
the
diagram
indicates,
frequency
is
measured
in
a
unit
called
a
hertz
(Hz).
LESSON
CHECKPOINT:
What
is
the
difference
between
the
amplitude,
wavelength,
and
frequency
of
a
wave?
Waves
travel
at
different
speeds.
To
calculate
the
speed
of
a
wave,
use
the
formula
below:
Speed
=
wavelength
x
frequency
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purchaser
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educational
purposes
only.
Visit
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at
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Interactions
of
Waves
Waves
interact
in
several
different
ways.
•
One
type
of
interaction
is
reflection.
In
this
case,
when
a
wave
makes
contact
with
an
object
that
it
can
not
pass
through,
it
bounces
off.
Light
reflecting
off
a
mirror
is
a
good
example
of
this.
•
Another
type
of
interaction
is
called
refraction,
which
is
the
bending
of
a
wave.
In
the
diagram
below,
the
light
beam
has
spread
out
because
the
speed
of
one
side
of
the
beam
makes
contact
with
the
new
medium
before
the
other
side.
•
Another
type
of
interaction
is
called
diffraction.
This
accounts
for
how
waves
spread
out
through
openings
or
how
waves
go
around
corners.
•
The
final
type
of
interaction
is
called
interference.
Sometimes
waves
combine
in
a
constructive
manner
to
make
a
wave
of
greater
amplitude.
Other
times,
waves
can
combine
in
a
destructive
manner
to
decrease
the
overall
amplitude
of
the
new
wave.
See
the
diagram
below
for
an
illustration
of
this.
LESSON
CHECKPOINT:
What
are
the
ways
that
waves
interact
with
each
other?
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purchaser
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print
copies
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non-commercial
educational
purposes
only.
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Seismic
Waves
Waves
that
are
caused
by
earthquakes
are
called
seismic
waves.
The
movement
and
breaking
of
rock
in
the
Earth's
crust
causes
earthquakes.
When
an
earthquake
occurs,
energy
gets
released
through
rock
as
both
transverse
and
longitudinal
waves.
The
transverse
waves
are
called
S
waves
and
the
longitudinal
waves
are
referred
to
as
P
waves.
Earthquakes
under
the
ocean
cause
the
ocean
crust
to
shift
and
break,
and
large
amounts
of
water
can
be
displaced,
creating
large
waves
of
water
called
tsunamis.
These
waves
of
water
typically
have
very
long
wavelengths,
often
several
hundred
kilometers
long.
Tsunamis
are
powerful
and
can
be
very
destructive
when
they
reach
shorelines.
LESSON
CHECKPOINT:
What
waves
cause
earthquakes?
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Permission
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for
the
purchaser
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print
copies
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non-commercial
educational
purposes
only.
Visit
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