Solids, liquids and gases Topic

Solids, liquids and gases

Science, Grade 6

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Study Guide Solids, liquids and gases Science, Grade 6

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SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES Three States of Matter Matter exists in three different states or phases: solid, liquids and gases or vapors. • A solid has a definite shape and volume, • A liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape and • A gas has neither a definite volume nor shape. These three phases can be changed from one to another. If these changes occur they would be physical changes. Water can freeze and ice can melt. Water vapor can condense to rain which can evaporate or dry up. Sometimes, solids go directly to a gas stage such as in a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher where solid CO2 becomes CO2 vapor. This is called sublimation. Lesson Checkpoint: Describe the physical changes possible in the three states of matter. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.

Behaviors of Gases Gases or vapors are influenced by three factors: temperature, volume and pressure. The behavior of a gas is directly related to the effect of these factors on the gas. Temperature affects the speed at which the gas particles move. An increase in temperature causes more movement in the particles and a decrease makes them slow down. In a hot air balloon the flame heats the air, and as the temperature goes up so does the volume of the gas. As its volume increases, some of the air leaves through the bottom of the balloon. This lowers the density of the air in the balloon and allows the balloon to rise. In an opposite manner, if you wanted to convert a vapor to a liquid you would lower its temperature, decrease its volume and bring the particles closer together as they are in a liquid. This is Charles’s Law. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.

Boyle’s Law On the other hand, according to Boyle’s Law, the pressure of a gas is inversely related to its volume. What this means is that as the pressure on a gas goes up and thus its gas particles are brought closer together, its volume goes down. In an opposite manner, as the pressure on a gas decreases, its particles spread out and the volume increases. These laws can be represented graphically. Check the graphs shown below. Lesson Checkpoint: What are the three factors that affect the behavior of gases? © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.