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Rocks and minerals
Science, Grade 4
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Study Guide Rocks and minerals Science, Grade 4
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ROCKS
AND
MINERALS
What
is
in
a
Rock?
Rocks
are
made
up
of
many
tiny
pieces
of
minerals.
Even
if
you
smash
a
rock
into
a
hundred
pieces,
ALL
those
would
still
be
all
the
same
mineral.
Breaking
it
into
pieces
would
not
change
the
rock’s
makeup.
What
are
Minerals?
Minerals
are
natural,
nonliving
crystals.
They
come
in
many
sizes,
shapes,
and
colors
which
is
how
scientists
tell
them
apart.
Minerals
can
be
identified
by
their
physical
properties
such
as:
color,
luster,
hardness,
and
streak
color.
Color
is
obvious,
but
what
are
luster,
hardness,
and
streak
color?
•
Luster
refers
to
the
way
surface
of
mineral
reflects
light.
•
The
hardness
of
a
mineral
refers
to
how
easily
it
can
be
scratched.
•
Streak
color
is
a
physical
property
of
minerals,
which
refers
to
the
color
streak
a
mineral
leaves
when
scratched
against
a
surface.
Scientists
use
all
these
characteristics
of
minerals
to
identify
them
in
nature.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
are
rocks
made
of?
Types
of
Rocks
There
are
several
types
of
rocks,
and
each
is
formed
in
a
different
way.
Sedimentary
Rocks
How
do
sedimentary
rocks
form?
Erosion
is
the
process
of
bits
of
rocks,
sand,
soil,
and
dead
matter
being
moved
by
the
wind,
water,
and
gravity.
All
the
eroded
materials
that
eventually
settle
on
land
or
at
the
bottom
of
a
body
of
water
are
known
as
sediment.
As
layers
of
sediment
pile
up,
the
top
layers
of
sediment
press
the
bottom
layers
together.
The
weight
and
pressure
from
the
top
layers
cause
the
sediment
on
the
bottom
layers
to
harden,
forming
sedimentary
rock.
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purchaser
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Igneous
Rocks
What
are
igneous
rocks
and
how
do
they
form?
Igneous
rocks
form
from
molten
rock
called
magma,
which
is
the
melted
rock
found
beneath
the
Earth’s
surface.
Igneous
rocks
can
form
above
and
below
the
Earth.
When
magma
reaches
Earth’s
surface
and
comes
out
of
a
mountain
during
a
volcano,
magma
is
then
called
lava.
Once
on
the
Earth’s
surface
lava
will
cool
quickly
forming
igneous
rocks.
These
type
of
igneous
rocks
do
NOT
form
crystals
(or
if
they
do,
they
are
tiny)
because
they
cool
too
fast
to
do
so.
Forming
crystals
takes
much
longer.
Crystals
can
form
in
igneous
rock
when
magma
slowly
rises
towards
the
surface
of
the
Earth
and
then
finds
spaces
to
cool.
After
a
long
period
of
time
the
magma
cools
off
and
begins
to
harden.
While
the
magma
hardens,
crystals
form
in
the
rocks.
Metamorphic
Rocks
Metamorphic
rocks
are
rocks
that
have
changed
due
to
heat
and
pressure.
The
weight
of
rocks
pressing
down
on
the
other
rocks
causes
the
heat
and
pressure
below
the
Earth’s
surface.
Metamorphic
rocks
can
form
from
sedimentary,
igneous,
and
other
metamorphic
rocks.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
are
three
types
of
rocks?
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The
Rock
Cycle
The
rock
cycle
is
the
recycling
of
old
rocks
into
new
rocks.
It
is
an
ongoing
cycle.
The
rock
cycle
is
caused
by
heat,
pressure,
chemical
reactions,
weathering,
and
erosion.
During
the
rock
cycle,
all
three
type(s)
of
rocks
can
change
from
one
type
of
rock
to
another.
Rocks
move
through
a
cycle
that
takes
millions
of
years.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
is
the
rock
cycle?
© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Permission
is
granted
for
the
purchaser
to
print
copies
for
non-commercial
educational
purposes
only.
Visit
us
at
www.NewPathLearning.com.
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