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Organic compounds
Science, Grade 6
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Study Guide Organic compounds Science, Grade 6
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ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS
Overview
Organic
chemistry
is
the
study
of
Carbon
compounds.
Because
there
are
so
many
of
these
in
living
things,
organic
chemistry
is
sometimes
thought
of
as
living
chemistry.
The
Carbon
atoms
of
organic
compounds
are
very
unusual.
Because
a
Carbon
atom
has
four
valence
electrons
spread
around
the
atom
in
the
outer
energy
level,
Carbon
can
bond
in
many
directions
around
itself
with
four
covalent
bonds.
It
is
this
ability
to
bond
with
up
to
four
other
Carbon
atoms
that
gives
Carbon
compounds
their
strength.
This
is
especially
true
with
diamonds
where
the
crystal
structure
is
very
strong.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
makes
a
Carbon
compound
strong?
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Pure
Carbon
Compounds
Other
types
of
pure
Carbon
compounds
include
hollow
spheres
of
Carbon
atoms
called
fullerenes
and
hollow
tubes
called
nanotubes.
Both
of
these
structures
are
extremely
strong.
Another
large
group
of
organic
compounds
are
called
hydrocarbons.
These
compounds
contain
only
Carbon
and
Hydrogen
atoms.
Some
examples
of
hydrocarbons
are
shown
below.
HydroCarbons,
like
methane,
with
their
names
ending
in
“ane”
have
only
single
covalent
bonds.
Hydrocarbons
with
double
or
triple
bonds
between
the
Carbon
atoms
are
named
with
the
endings
“ene”
and
“yne”.
Methane
is
considered
a
saturated
hydrocarbon
because
it
has
as
many
Hydrogen
atoms
bonded
in
it
as
possible.
On
the
other
hand,
ethane
and
ethyne
are
considered
unsaturated
because,
if
it
were
not
for
the
double
and
triple
bonds,
more
hydrogen
atoms
could
be
bonded.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
is
a
hydrocarbon
and
how
do
they
differ
from
one
another?
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Organic
Chains
Many
kinds
of
organic
compounds
can
be
linked
together
to
form
long
chains
called
polymers.
The
single
unit
that
is
repeated
over
and
over
again
in
a
polymer
is
called
the
monomer.
One
of
the
most
important
natural
polymers
is
a
protein.
The
monomer,
which
is
the
building
block,
is
called
an
amino
acid.
Other
natural
polymers
include
silk
and
cotton
while
synthetic,
or
man-made
polymers,
include
plastic
and
nylon.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
is
the
relationship
between
a
monomer
and
a
polymer?
Important
Polymers
As
mentioned
above
one
of
the
most
important
polymers
in
living
things
are
proteins.
Others
include
carbohydrates
such
as
starch
and
cellulose.
These
are
made
from
repeating
units
of
the
sugar,
glucose.
In
organisms,
the
third
largest
category
of
organic
compounds
is
the
lipids.
These
large
molecules
are
the
fats
and
oils
that
living
things
need.
Last,
are
the
nucleic
acids.
The
famous
nucleic
acid,
DNA,
is
a
very
long
polymer
that
makes
up
our
genes
and
chromosomes
and
is
responsible
for
almost
everything
about
us.
It
is
the
length
of
DNA
that
makes
it
possible
for
so
many
gene
combinations.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
Name
a
few
polymers
that
are
important
to
living
things.
© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Permission
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granted
for
the
purchaser
to
print
copies
for
non-commercial
educational
purposes
only.
Visit
us
at
www.NewPathLearning.com.
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