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Force, motion and energy
Science, Grade 4
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Study Guide Force, motion and energy Science, Grade 4
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FORCE,
MOTION,
AND
ENERGY
MOTION…
Motion
is
the
process
of
an
object
changing
place
or
position.
Speed
refers
to
the
rate
an
object
changes
position.
When
you
are
in
motion
you
might
speed
up,
go
the
same
speed,
or
slow
down.
To
accelerate
means
to
go
faster;
decelerate
means
to
slow
down.
FORCE!
A
force
is
a
push
or
pull
upon
an
object.
Some
forces
affect
only
objects
that
come
in
physical
contact
with
one
another,
while
other
forces
act
at
a
distance
and
affect
objects
without
contact.
Forces,
pushing
and
pulling,
can
change
the
position
and
motion
of
an
object.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
is
speed?
Types
of
Forces
Friction
is
a
force
that
works
against
an
object
that
is
moving
along
a
surface,
which
can
slow
down
or
stop
the
object.
Gravity
is
an
attracting
force
that
tries
to
pull
two
or
more
objects
together.
Gravity
depends
on
two
things:
the
mass
of
the
objects
and
the
distance
between
them.
Objects
don’t
move
by
themselves…
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Permission
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purchaser
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copies
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educational
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Inertia
is
a
property
of
matter
referring
to
the
way
an
object
remains
at
rest
and
doesn’t
move
unless
someone
or
something
forces
it
to
move.
Work
is
the
ability
to
move
an
object.
An
object
MUST
move
in
order
for
work
to
have
been
done.
Work
can
be
made
easier
by
the
help
of
simple
machines….
Simple
machines
can
make
work
easier,
but
do
not
make
less
work.
There
are
several
types
of
simple
machines.
•
A
pulley
has
a
wheel
with
a
grooved
rim
in
which
a
rope
can
run
around
in
order
to
lift
a
load
easier
than
without
it.
An
example
of
a
pulley
can
be
seen
on
a
flagpole.
•
A
wheel
and
axle
consists
of
a
bar
that
a
wheel
revolves
around
on
or
along
with
it.
•
A
lever
is
a
simple
machine
that
is
a
board
that
can
move
on
a
fixed
point,
called
a
fulcrum,
and
can
be
used
to
move
an
object
up
or
down.
•
A
wedge
is
simple
machine
that
is
actually
two
inclined
planes
joined
together
back
to
back.
Wedges
are
used
to
split
wood.
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purchaser
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copies
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educational
purposes
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•
A
gear
is
made
of
two
wheels
that
have
notches
that
fit
together
either
directly
or
by
a
chain
or
belt
which
allows
one
wheel
to
turn
the
other
wheel.
Gears
help
clocks
and
bicycles
move.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
Give
one
example
of
a
simple
machine
you
see
around
you.
ENERGY!!!!
Energy
is
the
ability
to
do
work.
Energy
comes
in
many
different
forms.
Energy
can
NOT
be
made
or
destroyed.
Types
of
Energy
•
Kinetic
energy
is
the
energy
of
motion.
Anything
moving
has
kinetic
energy.
•
Potential
energy
is
stored
energy.
•
Chemical
energy
is
energy
that
certain
matter
has
because
of
the
way
its
atoms
are
connected
together.
Remember?
Matter
is
made
up
of
atoms.
•
Electrical
energy
is
the
movement
of
electrical
charges.
Electrical
charges
moving
through
a
wire
is
called
electricity.
•
Light
and
sound
energy
are
forms
of
energy
that
travel
in
waves.
•
Thermal
energy
is
created
by
the
movement
of
the
particles
that
make
up
matter.
•
Nuclear
energy
is
energy
stored
in
the
nucleus
of
an
atom;
it
is
the
energy
that
holds
the
nucleus
together.
© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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granted
for
the
purchaser
to
print
copies
for
non-commercial
educational
purposes
only.
Visit
us
at
www.NewPathLearning.com.
•
Radiation
is
energy
that
is
given
off
in
the
form
of
particles
or
rays.
This
form
of
energy
can
be
used
for
research
and
for
medical
reasons
as
well.
Radiation
can
be
used
to
fight
against
certain
cancers
in
humans.
Conduction
is
the
transfer
of
heat
energy
from
one
object
to
another.
•
A
conductor
is
a
material
that
allows
heat
to
run
through
it.
•
An
insulator
is
a
material
that
doesn’t
allow
very
much
heat
to
run
through
it.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
is
energy?
© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Permission
is
granted
for
the
purchaser
to
print
copies
for
non-commercial
educational
purposes
only.
Visit
us
at
www.NewPathLearning.com.
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