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Elements, mixtures and compounds
Science, Grade 5
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Study Guide Elements, mixtures and compounds Science, Grade 5
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ELEMENTS,
MIXTURES,
AND
COMPOUNDS
What
Are
Elements?
Elements
are
a
basic
(simple)
kind
of
matter.
They
can’t
be
broken
down
into
simpler
parts
and
still
keep
their
properties
because
they
are
in
the
simplest
form.
What
Are
Atoms?
Atoms
are
the
smallest
particle
or
component
of
an
element
that
still
has
the
same
properties
of
that
element.
The
Make-Up
of
an
Atom
All
atoms
have
a
nucleus.
The
nucleus
usually
has
neutrons
and
protons.
Neutrons
have
no
electrical
charge
and
protons
have
a
positive
charge.
An
atom
is
identified
by
its
number
of
protons,
and
that
number
is
unique
to
that
atom.
For
example,
sodium
has
11
protons,
which
means
NO
other
atom
has
11
protons.
Atoms
also
contain
electrons.
Electrons
have
a
negative
charge,
move
around
the
protons
and
neutrons,
and
can
move
from
atom
to
atom.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
How
is
an
atom
identified?
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How
Are
Elements
Grouped?
The
Periodic
Table
groups
elements
in
an
organized
fashion.
Each
box
on
the
periodic
table
represents
one
element.
Each
element
has
its
own
unique
symbol.
The
18
vertical
columns
of
the
periodic
table
are
referred
to
as
groups
or
families.
Elements
that
belong
in
the
same
family
are
not
identical,
but
they
share
particular
properties.
The
horizontal
rows
of
the
periodic
table
are
known
as
periods.
Elements
in
a
period
do
not
have
similar
characteristics.
The
first
element
in
a
period
is
usually
an
active
solid
and
the
last
element
is
always
an
inactive
gas.
Atomic
size
decreases
from
left
to
right
across
a
period
and
atomic
mass
increases
from
left
to
right
across
a
period.
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What’s
in
the
Box?
Each
element
has
its
own
box
on
the
Periodic
Table.
Each
box
contains
the
element’s
name,
symbol,
atomic
number,
and
atomic
mass.
Top
number
is
the
atomic
number.
Every
element
has
its
own
personal
atomic
number.
The
atomic
number
tells
how
many
protons
that
element
contains.
No
two
elements
have
the
same
number
of
protons.
Oxygen
=
8
protons
The
large
letter
is
the
element's
symbol.
The
symbol
for
oxygen
=
O
Below
the
symbol
is
the
element's
name.
O
=
oxygen
Below
the
name
is
the
element's
atomic
mass.
Oxygen
mass
=
16
Lesson
Checkpoint:
How
do
you
find
out
how
many
atoms
an
element
has
on
the
Periodic
Table?
Molecules
A
molecule
is
the
smallest
unit
of
an
element
and
is
formed
when
two
or
more
atoms
join
together
chemically.
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Compounds
A
compound
is
a
molecule
that
contains
two
or
more
different
elements.
For
example,
water
is
made
of
hydrogen
and
oxygen
atoms,
and
carbon
dioxide
is
made
of
carbon
and
oxygen
atoms.
H20
=
two
hydrogen
atoms
and
one
oxygen
atom
=
water
1CO2
=
one
carbon
atom
and
2
oxygen
atoms
=
carbon
dioxide
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
is
a
molecule?
Mixtures
A
mixture
is
the
combination
of
two
or
more
different
materials
or
substances
without
having
any
kind
of
chemical
reaction
occurring.
In
a
mixture,
the
materials
are
only
physically
combined
and
can
be
separated.
Substances
in
a
mixture
have
the
same
properties
as
they
did
before
they
were
mixed
together.
An
example
of
a
mixture
is
a
bowl
full
of
a
variety
of
nuts.
Solutions
and
Colloids
A
solution
is
when
one
or
more
substances
are
dissolved
into
another
substance.
Salt
water
is
an
example
of
a
solution:
salt
is
dissolved
in
water
to
make
salt
water.
A
colloid
is
a
mixture
in
which
very
small
particles
of
one
substance
are
dispersed
evenly
throughout
another
substance.
The
particles
are
not
dissolved.
Solutes,
Solvents,
and
Solubility
(try
and
say
that
five
times
fast)
A
solute
is
the
substance
that
is
dissolved
in
the
solvent.
The
solvent
is
what
dissolves
another
substance.
Solubility
refers
to
the
ability
of
one
substance
to
dissolve
into
another
substance.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
Describe
a
solute
and
a
solvent.
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Permission
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granted
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the
purchaser
to
print
copies
for
non-commercial
educational
purposes
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Visit
us
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