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Earth's Waters
Science, Grade 4
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Study Guide Earth's Waters Science, Grade 4
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4
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EARTH’S
WATERS
Water,
water,
EVERYWHERE
Did
you
know
that
three
quarters
(3/4)
of
Earth
is
covered
by
water?
That
is
a
lot
of
water!!
Freshwater
Most
of
the
water
on
Earth
is
saltwater;
very
little
of
it
is
freshwater.
What
is
freshwater?
Freshwater
is
water
containing
only
a
very
little
amount
of
salt.
The
Earth
has
only
1%
of
usable
freshwater,
which
is
found
in
groundwater,
lakes,
rivers,
and
streams.
Groundwater
is
freshwater
beneath
the
Earth's
surface,
in
the
ground.
Two
percent
(2%)
of
Earth’s
freshwater
is
frozen
in
polar
ice
caps
and
glaciers.
However,
it
is
not
usable
since
it
is
frozen.
Ice
caps
are
a
thick
permanent
covering
of
ice
and
snow
on
land.
Freshwater
is
essential
to
humans
because
we
use
it
for
drinking
and
watering
crops.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
Why
is
freshwater
essential
to
us?
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So
Much
Saltwater….
Oceans
are
made
of
salt
water.
Ninety-seven
percent
(97%)
of
the
Earth’s
water
is
saltwater.
There
are
five
named
oceans
of
the
world,
which
include
the
Pacific,
Atlantic,
Indian,
Southern,
and
Arctic
Oceans.
Salt
water
is
not
usable
water
because
we
can’t
drink
it
or
use
it
for
crops.
More
about
the
Ocean….
•
Ocean
currents
keep
our
oceans
in
constant
motion
and
move
large
amounts
of
water
far
distances.
•
Ocean
tides
are
periodic
rising
and
falling
of
the
surface
of
the
ocean
caused
by
the
gravitational
pulls
of
the
moon
as
well
as
the
rotation
of
the
Earth.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
causes
the
ocean
tides?
Did
you
know
that
the
Earth
recycles…WATER?
The
water
cycle
is
the
constant
movement
of
the
Earth’s
water
from
the
Earth’s
surface
to
the
atmosphere
and
the
back
again.
Throughout
the
water
cycle,
water
can
be
solid,
liquid,
and
a
gas.
The
sun
powers
the
water
cycle,
because
heat
is
what
keeps
the
cycle
going.
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purchaser
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Stages
of
the
Water
Cycle:
Evaporation:
the
changing
of
a
liquid
into
a
gas
Evaporation
occurs
when
the
sun
warms
the
water
in
a
body
of
water
and
some
of
the
water
changes
into
water
vapor
which
rises
off
the
water
and
goes
into
the
air.
Transpiration:
the
process
by
which
plants
give
off
water
vapor
into
the
air
through
their
leaves.
Condensation:
the
changing
of
a
gas,
when
cooled,
back
into
a
liquid
Precipitation:
how
the
water
gets
back
to
the
earth,
through
hail,
mist,
rain,
sleet,
or
snow.
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purchaser
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educational
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Water
run
off
is
the
water
that
falls
back
to
earth
as
precipitation,
and
runs
off
of
hills
and
mountains
into
lakes,
rivers,
and
oceans.
Some
water
ends
up
on
land
and
soaks
into
the
ground,
which
is
called
groundwater.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
is
the
water
cycle?
Unfortunately,
sometimes
water
can
be
polluted…
Water
pollution
causes
water
to
be
contaminated
with
harmful
substances.
Industrial
waste,
water
run
off
from
farms
filled
with
pesticides
and
fertilizer,
untreated
sewage
drains,
and
air
pollution
are
all
causes
of
water
pollution.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
is
one
cause
of
water
pollution?
© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Permission
is
granted
for
the
purchaser
to
print
copies
for
non-commercial
educational
purposes
only.
Visit
us
at
www.NewPathLearning.com.
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