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Earth - Inside and Out
Science, Grade 4
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Study Guide Earth - Inside and Out Science, Grade 4
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EARTH:
INSIDE
AND
OUT
Earth
from
the
Inside
Let’s
look
at
the
Earth
from
the
inside
out…
The
Earth
is
made
up
three
main
layers
called
the
crust,
mantle,
and
core.
The
innermost
layer
of
the
Earth
is
the
Earth’s
core.
The
Earth
has
an
inner
and
outer
core.
The
inner
core
is
in
the
middle
and
is
packed
tightly
so
it
is
mostly
solid.
The
outer
core
of
the
Earth
is
made
up
of
very
hot,
dense
(thick)
liquid.
The
next
layer
is
the
mantle,
which
is
made
up
of
igneous
and
metamorphic
rocks.
The
top
layer
is
the
Earth’s
crust.
We
live
on
the
Earth’s
crust.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
are
the
three
layers
of
the
Earth?
What
is
Soil?
When
we
walk
upon
the
Earth’s
crust,
we
are
walking
on
soil.
Soil
is
the
loose
material
the
covers
much
of
the
Earth’s
surface
that
is
made
up
of
several
different
layers:
topsoil,
subsoil,
and
bedrock.
The
three
main
particles
found
in
soil
are
salt,
silt,
and
clay.
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All
soil
contains
pieces
of
weathered
rock,
humus,
air,
and
water.
Soil
is
extremely
important
because
soil
supports
all
life
on
Earth.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
are
three
main
particles
found
in
soil?
Earth’s
Surface
The
Earth’s
surface
changes
constantly
because
of
wind,
water,
temperature
changes,
and
living
things.
Earth’s
surface
has
many
shapes
and
features,
known
as
landforms
which
include
many
different
solid
features
naturally
formed
on
top
of
the
Earth’s
crust,
and
bodies
of
water.
Landforms
change
constantly
due
to
weathering
which
is
the
process
of
rocks
breaking
into
smaller
pieces.
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Did
you
know
there
are
two
types
of
weathering?
The
two
types
of
weathering
are
physical
and
chemical.
Physical
weathering
only
changes
the
SIZE
of
the
rock.
When
water
runs
over
rocks,
the
particles
flowing
in
the
water
rub
against
each
other
breaking
down
rocks,
causing
the
rocks
to
become
smaller.
This
is
an
example
of
physical
weathering.
Ice
can
cause
physical
weathering
too.
When
water
seeps
into
cracks
in
rocks
and
then
freezes
causing
the
rock
to
break
apart
because
ice
takes
up
more
space
than
water.
When
water
freezes,
it
expands
taking
up
MORE
space
than
water,
causing
the
rock
to
break
apart.
Plants
growing
in
a
crack
of
a
rock
cause
physical
weathering
too.
When
the
plant’s
roots
grow
larger,
they
can
cause
the
surrounding
rock
to
break
apart.
The
second
type
of
weathering
is
called
chemical
weathering,
which
refers
to
chemicals
causing
rocks
to
change
into
different
materials.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
is
an
example
of
physical
weathering?
Changes
Happen
Constantly
The
Earth’s
surface
changes
constantly
as
a
result
of
these
processes:
•
Erosion
is
caused
by
water,
wind,
gravity,
and
glaciers.
•
Deposition
is
the
laying
down
of
pieces
of
Earth’s
surface.
•
Landslides
are
rapid
downhill
movement
of
large
amounts
of
rock
and
soil.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
causes
erosion?
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Rapid
Changes
Volcanoes
cause
rapid
changes
when
they
erupt
on
the
Earth’s
crust.
An
active
volcano
is
a
volcano
that
erupts
often
or
show
signs
of
future
eruptions.
Ash
from
active
volcanoes
can
be
spread
around
for
many
miles
near
the
volcano
and
can
kill
trees
and
wildlife.
Dormant
volcanoes
are
volcanoes
that
have
not
erupted
for
a
long
time
and
do
not
show
signs
of
erupting
in
the
future.
Earthquakes
also
cause
rapid
changes
to
the
Earth’s
surface.
An
earthquake
is
a
sudden
shift
in
the
Earth’s
crust
that
causes
the
ground
to
shake
and
vibrate
violently.
Earthquakes
most
often
occur
near
faults.
Faults
are
large
breaks
or
cracks
in
the
Earth’s
crust.
A
seismic
wave
is
a
wave
of
energy
that
travels
through
the
Earth,
most
often
as
the
result
of
an
earthquake.
Lesson
Checkpoint:
What
is
a
dormant
volcano?
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Permission
is
granted
for
the
purchaser
to
print
copies
for
non-commercial
educational
purposes
only.
Visit
us
at
www.NewPathLearning.com.
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