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Chemistry in our world
Science, Grade 6
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Study Guide Chemistry in our world Science, Grade 6
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CHEMISTRY
IN
OUR
WORLD
Chemistry
literally
affects
us
twenty
four
hours
a
day.
Let’s
look
at
some
of
the
ways
this
occurs.
Chemistry
in
Our
Bodies
At
any
one
moment
in
our
bodies,
thousands
of
chemical
reactions
are
occurring.
All
of
these
reactions
are
controlled
by
catalyst-like
chemicals
called
enzymes.
The
role
of
an
enzyme
is
to
bring
reactants
together
and
insure
that
the
reaction
occurs.
In
addition,
most
of
the
chemical
digestion
of
food
we
eat
gets
done
in
our
small
intestines
with
enzymes.
If
it
wasn’t
for
this
process,
the
vital
nutrients
that
our
bodies
need
would
never
be
absorbed
into
our
blood
streams
and
reach
all
the
cells
of
our
bodies.
These
nutrients,
sugar,
amino
acids,
and
fatty
acids,
are
then
broken
down
in
the
cells
to
release
the
energy
our
bodies
need
to
keep
us
warm
and
make
our
muscles
work.
This
exothermic
reaction
is
called
respiration.
Indirectly,
chemicals
help
our
bodies
in
other
ways.
Supplements,
called
additives,
are
added
to
food
to
do
several
things.
Vitamins
are
a
valuable
additive
in
many
foods.
These
chemicals
become
part
of
the
enzymes
needed
to
control
our
chemical
reactions.
Other
additives
prevent
food
from
rotting,
enhance
flavor
and
color,
or
change
the
texture
of
food.
LESSON
CHECKPOINT:
What
are
additives
and
how
do
they
help
us?
Chemistry
in
the
World
around
Us
Outside
our
bodies,
chemicals
and
their
reactions
help
us
in
many
practical
ways.
Like
respiration
in
our
bodies,
fuels
are
burned
in
our
cars
and
power
plants
to
provide
energy
for
movement
and
heat.
Jets
move
up
and
across
the
skies
because
of
the
exothermic
reaction
involving
the
burning
of
jet
fuel.
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Permission
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purchaser
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Visit
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Many
of
the
materials
that
we
use
are
alloys
or
mixtures
of
at
least
one
metal
element
with
another
element.
These
chemicals
usually
are
stronger
or
less
reactive
than
just
a
single
element.
A
good
example
is
stainless
steel.
Iron
by
itself
would
rust
quickly
but
by
mixing
other
substances
with
iron,
a
rust-free
substance
is
produced.
Good
gold
jewelry
is
an
alloy
because
pure
gold
is
very
soft.
By
mixing
in
copper
or
silver,
the
resulting
alloy
is
much
harder.
LESSON
CHECKPOINT:
What
are
alloys
and
how
do
they
make
products
better?
Man-Made
Chemicals
Many
of
the
chemicals
that
have
practical
value
for
us
are
synthetic
polymers.
These
chemicals
are
usually
made
with
carbon
and
have
many
repeating
units
in
their
structure.
A
chain
of
paper
clips
attached
together
describes
what
polymers
look
like.
Enzymes
are
polymers
made
up
of
many
repeating
units
of
amino
acids
chemically
bonded
together.
One
example
of
a
synthetic
polymer
is
nylon.
This
strong
thread-like
material
makes
up
fabric
and
fishing
lines.
PVC,
a
tough
flexible
polymer,
is
used
in
hoses
and
pipes.
Plastics,
like
polypropylene,
are
used
to
make
toys
and
parts
of
cars.
There
are
many
other
types
of
synthetic
polymers
besides
these.
LESSON
CHECKPOINT:
What
are
synthetic
polymers?
Composites
are
still
another
way
chemists
help
us.
These
mixtures
of
two
or
more
substances,
many
of
which
are
polymers
with
different
properties,
combine
to
give
us
better
products.
The
material
Kevlar
is
an
example.
This
substance,
which
is
used
in
protective
clothing,
combines
a
light
weight
with
high
strength.
Fiberglass
is
another
composite.
A
fiberglass
surfboard
is
made
up
of
a
combination
of
glass
fiber
and
liquid
plastic.
Some
countertops
are
composites
of
plastic,
glass,
and
cement
and
are
more
durable
than
any
of
the
ingredients
would
be
alone.
LESSON
CHECKPOINT:
Name
two
examples
of
a
composite.
© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Permission
is
granted
for
the
purchaser
to
print
copies
for
non-commercial
educational
purposes
only.
Visit
us
at
www.NewPathLearning.com.
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