Earth yesterday and today
Science - Second Grade
How Does the Earth's Surface Change?
Multimedia Lesson
Earth Inside and Out Interactive Activity
Interactive
Landforms Interactive Matching Activity
Interactive
Earth yesterday and today
Study Guide
Earth yesterday and today
Quiz
Earth yesterday and today
Flash Cards
Earth yesterday and today
Worksheet
Earth yesterday and today
Game
Earth yesterday and today
Vocabulary List
Study Guide Earth yesterday and today
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LIFE ON EARTH Life on Earth Has Changed Many kinds of animals that used to live on Earth are no longer living. There are no more animals of their kind. They are extinct. Remember extinct means that all animals of a certain kind are no longer living on Earth. When an animal becomes extinct, it means that all animals of that kind have died and none live on Earth, and there will not be any more born. You probably know that dinosaurs are extinct. There are no dinosaurs on Earth today and there won’t be any more born. Let’s check what we have learned so far: What does the word extinct mean? Examples of animals that are extinct: Dinosaurs: all kinds The Dodo Bird The Stellar Sea Cow The Woolly Mammoth These were all amazing creatures. It is sad that they are all gone and that they will never be on this Earth again! © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
Let’s check what we have learned so far: What are two animals that are extinct? How did these animals become extinct? Good question! Sometimes it is hard to say exactly what makes animals become extinct. Sometimes, though, scientists know exactly how it happened. Some Reasons for Extinction: Big changes in the climate (the usual weather around them) – over long periods of time the climate in an area can change A LOT – which means it could become VERY hot or VERY cold and stay that way. Many times animals could not handle these big changes in the weather, so they died off and their kind became extinct. 2. Animals need a place to live, food to eat, and water to drink. In some places, areas became too crowded and there was not enough space, food, or water for all the animals – so some animals died and their kind became extinct. 3. Sometimes animals become extinct because people take away their homes by cutting down forests. When this happens, animals can die and their kind can become extinct. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
4. Sometimes people hunt the same kind of animal too much. This is called over-hunting. If a kind of animal is hunted too much, it often dies off completely and their kind becomes extinct. Let’s check what we have learned so far: How do animals become extinct: Give one reason. Good news: Many animals have adapted to many changes that happen on Earth so that they CAN survive and NOT become extinct! Hip hip hooray! Animals have been able to survive in our ever changing world by changing themselves a little. An adaptation is a way an animal’s body helps it survive where it lives. Adaptations include: Having certain body parts: A long beak: Like a hummingbird…a hummingbird has a long beak so that it can suck the sweet juices out of flowers shaped like tubes. Thick fur: Like a POLAR BEAR! A polar bear needs thick fur in order to live in very cold and snowy areas! © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
Or fur that changes color: This hare’s fur changes WHITE in the winter so that it blends in with the snow! It is BROWN in the summer to blend in with the grass and dirt. Or having big ears: Bats use their large ears so they can hear the best they can! They can’t see very well so they depend on their sense of hearing to fly at night and to find where the food is! Having a bad odor A skunk uses its bad odor to keep animals that might hurt it away from it! Let’s check what we have learned so far: Name one type of animal adaptation. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
What are some other examples of adaptations? Camouflage means having special skin or fur that changes colors to blend in with what is around. This way no other animals can see them, and if they can’t see them, they can’t eat them! Example: A chameleon is the best example! A chameleon’s skin changes color to blend in wherever it is! Mimicry is when a weaker animal looks like a stronger animal to protect itself. Example: The Monarch butterfly bodies have poison inside of them, which can kill certain animals that try and eat it. Animals know this so they stay away from Monarch butterflies and they do not eat them. The Viceroy butterfly does NOT have poison inside of its body, and they would be a yummy treat for some animal - but the viceroy butterfly LOOKS like a monarch butterfly so animals do not eat it either! Let’s check what we have learned so far: What is mimicry? © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
Table Of Contents: Earth's Surface
1. Lesson Objectives
2.1. How Does The Earth's Surface Change?
2. Engage
3.1. The Earth's Surface
3. Explore
4.1. A Close-Up of The Earth's Surface
4.2. Changes Over Time
4. Explain
5.1. The Earth
The Earth is made up of three main layers - crust, mantle and core. We live on the outer layer of the Earth called the crust. The Earth's crust is made up of many different rocks. The layer beneath the Earth's crust is called the mantle. The Earth's mantle is made of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
5.2. Earth's Core
The innermost layer of the Earth is called the core. The Earth's core is made of metal. The Earth's core is hot enough to melt but the center of the core is packed together so tightly that it remains a solid. The outer section of the Earth's core however is hot, thick liquid.
5.3. Earth Inside and Out Interactive Activity
5.4. Landforms
Earth's surface has many shapes and features, known as landforms. They include mountains, canyons, deltas, hills, valleys, and more. A topographic map shows the elevation of these landforms.
5.5. Examples of Landforms
Examples of landforms include glaciers, rivers, lakes, valleys, hills, mountains, coasts and oceans.
5.6. Erosion and Deposition
Changes on the Earth's surface are caused in part by weathering and erosion. Erosion is the wearing away of the Earth's surface by rain, wind, snow, and ice. Deposition is the laying down of pieces of Earth's surface, such as rocks and sand. Over time, whole landscapes can be changed by erosion and deposition.
5.7. Landforms Interactive Matching Activity
5.8. Weathering
The Earth's surface changes constantly because of wind, water, temperature changes, and living things. Landforms can change due to weathering which is the process of breaking rocks into smaller pieces. There are two types of weathering - physical and chemical.
5.9. Physical Weathering
One way physical weathering takes place when water and ice break rocks down into smaller pieces. This happens by freezing and thawing. Physical weathering only changes the size of the rock.
5.10. Chemical Weathering
Chemical weathering not only changes the size of rocks but also causes them to change into different materials. During chemical weathering the rocks are broken down by the actions of chemicals in the air or water.
5.11. Soil
Soil covers most of Earth's land. It is a mixture of sediments of weathered rocks, nonliving materials, and decayed plants and animals. Over time, three layers of soil develop. Topsoil is made mostly of decaying plant and animal remains (humus). Subsoil contains minerals and small rocks. Bedrock is mostly solid rock.
5.12. Physical and Chemical Weathering Interactive Activity
5.13. Earth's Plates
The outermost layer of the Earth's crust is called the lithosphere. This layer is broken down into small and large sections called plates. These plates move slowly and might run into each other, pull apart, or grind past each other. As these plates move, they can cause changes to the Earth's surface. These changes include earthquakes, volcanoes, and the formation of mountains and valleys.
5.14. Earthquakes
Earthquakes cause rapid changes to the Earth's surface. An earthquake is a sudden shift in the Earth's crust that causes the ground to shake and vibrate violently. They most often occur where plates meet on land or under the ocean.
5.15. Volcanoes
Magma is hot, melted rock found beneath the Earth's surface. When pressure builds up, magma erupts though the Earth's crust. Volcanoes are openings in the Earth's crust where the magma comes out. Melted rock that comes above the Earth's surface is called lava. Volcanoes can also cause rapid changes to the Earth's surface.
5.16. Volcanic Islands
Volcanoes can form on continents or they can build from the ocean floor forming volcanic islands. The Hawaiian Islands were formed this way.
5.17. Types of Natural Processes Matching Interactive
5.18. How Does The Earth's Surface Change?
5. Virtual Investigation
6.1. Weathering and Erosion
6.2. Earthquakes
6.3. Volcanoes
6. Evaluate
7.1. How Does The Earth's Surface Change?
7. Lesson Summary
8.1. How Does The Earth's Surface Change?
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