Earth's oceans
Science - Fifth Grade
How Does the Earth's Surface Change?
Multimedia Lesson
What is Weather?
Presentation
What is Weather?
Presentation
Weather Station
Virtual Lab
Earth Inside and Out Interactive Activity
Interactive
Landforms Interactive Matching Activity
Interactive
Earth's oceans
Study Guide
Earth's oceans
Quiz
Earth's oceans
Flash Cards
Earth's oceans
Worksheet
Earth's oceans
Game
Earth's oceans
Vocabulary List
Study Guide Earth's oceans
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EARTH’S OCEANS Oceans as a Natural Resource Oceans are a natural resource for the salt (that you eat on your fries) and the fish and other sea animals we eat (like tuna fish sandwiches). Ocean Currents Oceans are ALWAYS moving because of currents and tides. Currents on the surface of the ocean are caused by wind. Currents move large amounts of water great distances. Ocean Tides Tides are the periodic rising and lowering of the ocean levels. Tides are created because the Earth and the Moon are attracted to each other. The Moon pulls the water on Earth towards it, causing the tides. The Moon travels around the earth, the Earth and Moon travel around the sun, and their gravitational forces cause the oceans on Earth to rise and fall. There are two high tides and two low tides every day. The ocean is always moving back and forth from high tide to low tide. Lesson Checkpoint: What causes ocean currents? © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
The Continental Shelf The sandy beach extends from the area you build sandcastles upon into the ocean onto an area called thecontinental shelf. The water above the continental shelf is most often shallow. The continental shelf gradually goes downward and eventually leads to a sharp drop, known as the continental slope. The Continental Rise The continental rise can be found below the ocean’s surface just beyond the continental slope. Lesson Checkpoint: What is the continental slope? The Flat Abyssal Plains Sounds spooky but it is just the flat seafloor area WAY below the ocean’s surface, very, very DEEP in the ocean!! Deep meaning up to 6,000 meters deep! A thick layer of sediment covers most of the plain’s surface. Seamounts A seamount is a mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface. It is a mountain under water. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
Trenches An ocean trench is a long depression in the ocean floor that has steep sides. Lesson Checkpoint: What is a seamount? Mid-Ocean Ridge The mid-ocean ridge is a series of long, underwater mountain ranges on the ocean floor. The mid-ocean ridge extends through the North and South Atlantic, the Indian Ocean, and the South Pacific. How do scientists explore the ocean? Remote controlled submarines can go places where humans can’t….way BELOW the ocean’s surface. There are a lot of DEEP ocean zones to explore, and oceanographers need these submarines and other special tools to explore these zones. Which Ocean Zone Do Most Organisms Live In? The epipelagic zone is the top layer of the ocean. This layer gets something most important to life – sunshine! Most ocean life is found in this zone because the water here is warm and this zone has PLANTS used for homes and food by ocean organisms – such as sharks, jellyfish, seals, lobsters, turtles, and sea stars. As you go deeper into the ocean, there is little to no light which means it is COLD and that there are no plants for food and not many other organisms to eat either! Lesson Checkpoint: Why do most sea organisms live in the epipelagic zone in the ocean? © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
Ocean pollution Oil spills, toxic waste, litter, and other harmful materials dumped into the ocean in some way are all major causes of water pollution. Pollution in the ocean harms and kills ocean organisms. Ocean pollution can also indirectly affect our health and take away our resources – like the ones we mentioned at the very beginning of this tutorial—the salt and the food sources in the ocean. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
Table Of Contents: Earth's Surface
1. Lesson Objectives
2.1. How Does The Earth's Surface Change?
2. Engage
3.1. The Earth's Surface
3. Explore
4.1. A Close-Up of The Earth's Surface
4.2. Changes Over Time
4. Explain
5.1. The Earth
The Earth is made up of three main layers - crust, mantle and core. We live on the outer layer of the Earth called the crust. The Earth's crust is made up of many different rocks. The layer beneath the Earth's crust is called the mantle. The Earth's mantle is made of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
5.2. Earth's Core
The innermost layer of the Earth is called the core. The Earth's core is made of metal. The Earth's core is hot enough to melt but the center of the core is packed together so tightly that it remains a solid. The outer section of the Earth's core however is hot, thick liquid.
5.3. Earth Inside and Out Interactive Activity
5.4. Landforms
Earth's surface has many shapes and features, known as landforms. They include mountains, canyons, deltas, hills, valleys, and more. A topographic map shows the elevation of these landforms.
5.5. Examples of Landforms
Examples of landforms include glaciers, rivers, lakes, valleys, hills, mountains, coasts and oceans.
5.6. Erosion and Deposition
Changes on the Earth's surface are caused in part by weathering and erosion. Erosion is the wearing away of the Earth's surface by rain, wind, snow, and ice. Deposition is the laying down of pieces of Earth's surface, such as rocks and sand. Over time, whole landscapes can be changed by erosion and deposition.
5.7. Landforms Interactive Matching Activity
5.8. Weathering
The Earth's surface changes constantly because of wind, water, temperature changes, and living things. Landforms can change due to weathering which is the process of breaking rocks into smaller pieces. There are two types of weathering - physical and chemical.
5.9. Physical Weathering
One way physical weathering takes place when water and ice break rocks down into smaller pieces. This happens by freezing and thawing. Physical weathering only changes the size of the rock.
5.10. Chemical Weathering
Chemical weathering not only changes the size of rocks but also causes them to change into different materials. During chemical weathering the rocks are broken down by the actions of chemicals in the air or water.
5.11. Soil
Soil covers most of Earth's land. It is a mixture of sediments of weathered rocks, nonliving materials, and decayed plants and animals. Over time, three layers of soil develop. Topsoil is made mostly of decaying plant and animal remains (humus). Subsoil contains minerals and small rocks. Bedrock is mostly solid rock.
5.12. Physical and Chemical Weathering Interactive Activity
5.13. Earth's Plates
The outermost layer of the Earth's crust is called the lithosphere. This layer is broken down into small and large sections called plates. These plates move slowly and might run into each other, pull apart, or grind past each other. As these plates move, they can cause changes to the Earth's surface. These changes include earthquakes, volcanoes, and the formation of mountains and valleys.
5.14. Earthquakes
Earthquakes cause rapid changes to the Earth's surface. An earthquake is a sudden shift in the Earth's crust that causes the ground to shake and vibrate violently. They most often occur where plates meet on land or under the ocean.
5.15. Volcanoes
Magma is hot, melted rock found beneath the Earth's surface. When pressure builds up, magma erupts though the Earth's crust. Volcanoes are openings in the Earth's crust where the magma comes out. Melted rock that comes above the Earth's surface is called lava. Volcanoes can also cause rapid changes to the Earth's surface.
5.16. Volcanic Islands
Volcanoes can form on continents or they can build from the ocean floor forming volcanic islands. The Hawaiian Islands were formed this way.
5.17. Types of Natural Processes Matching Interactive
5.18. How Does The Earth's Surface Change?
5. Virtual Investigation
6.1. Weathering and Erosion
6.2. Earthquakes
6.3. Volcanoes
6. Evaluate
7.1. How Does The Earth's Surface Change?
7. Lesson Summary
8.1. How Does The Earth's Surface Change?
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