Cell Reproduction
Life Science - Middle School
Mitosis
Multimedia Lesson
The Cell Cycle
Presentation
Chromosomes
Presentation
Mitosis
Presentation
Phases of Mitosis
Presentation
Comparing Plant and Animal Cell Mitosis
Presentation
Comparing Mitosis in Plant & Animal Cells
Virtual Lab
Meiosis I Phases
Interactive
Meiosis II Phases
Interactive
Cell Reproduction
Study Guide
Cell Reproduction
Quiz
Cell Reproduction
Flash Cards
Cell Reproduction
Worksheet
Cell Reproduction
Game
Cell Reproduction
Vocabulary List
Mitosis & Meiosis
Flip Chart
Meiosis
Flip Chart
Mitosis - Cellular Reproduction
Flip Chart
Mitosis & Meiosis
Flip Chart
Cell Cycle
Flip Chart
Mitosis Overview
Flip Chart
Mitosis in Animal Cells
Flip Chart
Mitosis in Plant Cells
Flip Chart
Comparing Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Flip Chart
Mitosis and Mutations
Flip Chart
Mitosis Vocabulary Review
Flip Chart
Study Guide Cell Reproduction
❮
1
/
5
❯
CELL REPRODUCTION Cell Division The process where one cell forms two identical daughter cells is called cell division. Stages of Cell Growth The cell cycle is the sequence of stages of growth and division that a cell undergoes. There are three stages of the cell cycle: interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Interphase is the first stage of the cell cycle. • The cell matures, copies (replicates) its DNA, and prepares to divide. • DNA stands for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid. • Replication is a process when the cell makes a copy of its DNA in the nucleus. The second stage of the cell cycle is called mitosis. • During this stage the cell distributes all of the organelles and the DNA to each identical daughter cell. • There are four phases during mitosis. They are: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. Components of DNA © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
To understand the phases of mitosis, you have to know the components of the DNA that is replicated in the process of mitosis. At the end of mitosis, one cell has become two identical cells, each with the same DNA. The stages of mitosis define the process by which the chromatin, the chromatic, the centromere, and the chromosome interrelate. The chromatin is the genetic material that has the instructions for how the cell is to be run. It is the actual DNA. The chromatid is the one half or one rod of the condensed chromatin. The chromosome is the two daughter strands of a replicated chromatin that are condensed into a rod shape and connected by a centromere. The centromere is the point on the chromosome where the two chromatids are held together. So in other words the chromatin makes up the chromatids, which make up the chromosome. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
Prophase: The chromatin condenses and spindle fibers form at each side of the cell. The nuclear membrane breaks apart. Metaphase: The chromosomes line up along the center of the cell and the spindle fibers attach to each chromosome at the centromere. Anaphase: The spindle fiber splits the centromere and the chromatids move to opposite sides of the cell. Telophase: The chromosomes loosen on each side and the nuclear membrane begins to form around the chromatin. Cytokinesis The third stage of the cell cycle is cytokinesis. During this stage the cell membrane pinches in at the middle of the cell until they become two separate daughter cells. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis The majority of the species on Earth reproduce sexually. The process that reduces the total number of chromosomes to half and forms the sex cells is called meiosis. The only cells that are created by meiosis are the sex cells. Sex cells are cells that make up the sperm (male) and the egg (female). There are two separate cell divisions during meiosis: meiosis 1 and meiosis 2. There are four phases in each cell division that have the same names as those from mitosis. The end result of meiosis is four sex cells that have half of the genetic material of a mitotically produced cell. DNA Structure and Replication The cell makes an identical copy of its DNA before cell division called DNA replication. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA. The Structure of DNA DNA’s structure is similar to that of a ladder that is twisted around and around. This shape has given it the nickname of the “Double Helix.” © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
The two sides of the double helix are made from a combination of molecules, one being a sugar and the other being a phosphate. They are called a nitrogen base when they are together. Nitrogen Bases in DNA There are four different nitrogen bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine. The nitrogen bases are referred to as A (Adenine), T (Thymine), G (Guanine), and C (Cytosine) when the topic is DNA. A major point when talking about the nitrogen bases of DNA is that there is a specific pairing of the molecules. For example, A (Adenine) is always paired with T (Thymine) and G (Guanine) is always paired with C (Cytosine). © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
Table Of Contents: Mitosis
1. The Cell Cycle
2.1. Life Cycle of a Cell
The life cycle of a cell is called the cell cycle.
2.2. What Is the Cell Cycle?
The cell cycle is a series of events that take place in a cell from one division to the next.
2.3. Two Steps of Cell Division
Cells divide in two steps – mitosis and cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm).
2.4. Mitosis and Cytokinesis
First, during mitosis the nucleus of the cell divides, and then during cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides.
2. Chromosomes
3.1. Location of Chromosomes
The cell nucleus of most organisms contains chromosomes.
3.2. Chromosomes Contain Genes
Each chromosome is made up of thousands of different genes which contain the instructions for an organism’s traits.
3.3. Species and Chromosome Number
The number of chromosomes is unique for each species.
3. Pause and Interact
4.1. Review
Use the whiteboard tools to complete the activity.
4. Mitosis
5.1. Scientists Observe Mitosis
The process of mitosis has fascinated scientists since it was first observed through a microscope more than a century ago.
5.2. What Is Mitosis?
Mitosis is a duplication process of cells responsible for growth and development, as well as replacing worn out cells throughout our bodies.
5.3. Production of Identical Daughter Cells
The end result of mitosis is the production of two genetically identical “daughter cells” from a single “parent” cell.
5.4. Phases of Mitosis
The phases of mitosis include prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
5. Phases of Mitosis
6.1. Interphase
Interphase is the first stage of the cell cycle and the period before cell division. During this phase the cell matures and prepares to divide and copies its chromosomes (DNA) and centrioles. Note that centrioles are found only in animal cells.
6.2. Prophase
Each chromosome consists of two identical copies called chromatids. The chromosomes in the nucleus thicken and shorten and the two centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell. Between the centrioles, spindle fibers form at each side of the cell. The nuclear membrane breaks apart.
6.3. Metaphase
The double-stranded chromosomes line up along the center of the cell and the spindle fibers attach to each centromere.
6.4. Anaphase
The spindle fiber splits the centromere and the chromatids move to opposite sides of the cell.
6.5. Telophase
Nuclear membranes form around each of the two sets of chromatids. The spindle fibers break down and disappear. The chromosomes unwind and the nuclear membrane begins to form around the chromosomes.
6.6. Cytokinesis – Division of the Cytoplasm
Once mitosis is completed, the cytoplasm splits into two. During this stage, the animal cell membrane pinches in at the middle of the cell dividing it into two identical copies of the original cell called daughter cells. Each daughter cell gets half of the cell organelles and an identical set of chromosomes.
6. Comparing Plant and Animal Cell Mitosis
7.1. Mitosis in Plants
Plants use a similar process to divide with a few differences. For example, although a plant cell creates spindle fibers, it lacks centrioles.
7.2. Plants Form Cell Plates
Plant cells divide by forming a cell plate in the middle which grows until its edges reach the cell's outer surface splitting the parent cell into two daughter cells.
7. Pause and Interact
8.1. Review
Use the whiteboard tools to complete the activity.
8. Vocabulary Review
9.1. Vocabulary Matching Review
9. Virtual Investigation
10.1. Comparing Mitosis in Plant & Animal Cells
In this virtual lab investigation, you will study the process of mitosis using the images of prepared slides of onion root tip and early whitefish embryo. These images show dividing cells in various stages of mitosis.
10. Assessment
11.1. Mitosis
NewPath Learning
About Us Our Team Awards & Endorsements Grants & Funding Product Suggestions Custom Publishing Collaborate Online Our BlogSolutions
Review & Reinforcement Intervention & Enrichment Test Prep After School/Summer School Parental Involvement Professional DevelopmentShop By Product
Curriculum Mastery Games Flip Charts Visual Learning Guides Curriculum Learning Modules E-Books/Workbooks Posters & Charts Study/Vocabulary Cards Digital Curriculum Online Learning Online Printable WorksheetsShop By Grade
Early Childhood First Grade Second Grade Third Grade Fourth Grade Fifth Grade Sixth Grade Seventh Grade Eighth Grade High School
© 2024 NewPath Learning all right reserved | Privacy Statements | Term of use | Website design WinMix Soft
