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Properties of Atoms
Science, Grade 8
❮
1
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2
❯
Isotopes
of
Carbon
Electron
Dot
Diagram
H
C
O
H
H
O
H
H
O
Na
Cl
Na+
Cl
Carbon-12
6
neutrons
Carbon-13
7
neutrons
Carbon-14
8
neutrons
Sodium
atom
Hydrogen
atom
Oxygen
atom
Water
molecule
Chlorine
atom
Ionic
compound
-
sodium
chloride
(salt)
Cl-
Na+
Crystal
structure
of
salt
(NaCl)
Proton
Neutron
covalent
bonds
nucleus
Carbon
atom
cloud
of
electrons
The
Atom
Atoms
are
the
basic
building
blocks
of
matter
that
make
up
everything
around
us.
A
pencil,
the
air,
even
your
body
is
made
up
of
atoms!
There
are
90
naturally
occurring
kinds
of
atoms.
Scientists
in
labs
have
been
able
to
make
about
25
more.
An
atom
is
the
smallest
part
of
an
element
that
has
all
the
properties
of
that
element.
Particles
of
an
Atom
The
modern
atomic
model,
suggests
that
an
atom
has
two
particles
in
the
nucleus,
a
proton
which
carries
a
positive
charge
and
a
neutron
or
neutrally
charged
particle.
Surrounding
the
nucleus
is
an
electron
cloud
with
electrons
which
carry
a
negative
charge,
moving
in
various
directions.
The
atomic
mass
number
is
the
sum
of
the
protons
and
neutrons
in
the
nucleus
of
an
atom.
The
number
of
protons
is
the
atomic
number
of
that
atom.
How
Do
Atoms
Differ?
Atoms
of
the
same
element
can
have
different
numbers
of
neutrons.
Such
atoms
with
the
same
number
of
protons
and
a
different
number
of
neutrons
are
called
isotopes.
For
example,
the
three
isotopes
of
Carbon
have
the
same
number
of
protons
(or
the
same
atomic
number)
and
electrons
but
they
differ
in
their
number
of
neutrons
and
thus
have
a
different
atomic
mass.
Valence
Electrons
&
Bonding
Electrons
surrounding
the
nucleus
are
organized
in
energy
levels.
An
electron
that
is
in
the
outermost
energy
level
of
an
atom
is
a
valence
electron.
A
valence
electron
determines
an
atom’s
chemical
properties
and
whether
an
atom
will
form
bonds.
A
bond
is
the
force
that
joins
two
atoms
together
forming
a
new
substance.
Ionic
Bonds
An
ionic
bond
is
formed
when
one
or
more
valence
electrons
are
transferred
from
one
atom
to
another.
Covalent
Bonds
A
covalent
bond
is
formed
when
atoms
share
one
or
more
pairs
of
electrons.
An
atom’s
valence
electrons
are
represented
by
dots
placed
around
the
symbol
of
an
element.
O
H
H
transfer
of
electron
Particle
Proton
Neutron
Electron
p+
n
e-
1+
0
1-
1
1
1
1,836
Symbol
Charge
Particles
in
an
Atom
Relative
Mass
(amu)
Model
C
6
Carbon
Element
name
Symbol
Atomic
number
Atomic
mass
12
© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4803
www.newpathlearning.com
Properties
of
Atoms
Carbon-12
Carbon-13
Carbon-14
H
H
O
H
H
O
Water
molecule
Na
Cl
Na+
Cl
Ionic
compound
-
sodium
chloride
(salt)
Isotopes
of
Carbon
\|xiBAHBDy01805mzV
The
Atom
What
are
atoms?
______________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Particles
of
an
Atom
The
modern
atomic
model,
suggests
that
an
atom
has
two
particles
in
the
____________________,
a
____________________
which
carries
a
positive
charge
and
a
____________________or
neutrally
charged
particle.
Surrounding
the
nucleus
is
an
electron
cloud
with
____________________
which
carry
a
____________________
charge,
moving
in
various
directions.
The
________________________________________
is
the
sum
of
the
____________________and
____________________in
the
nucleus
of
an
atom.
____________________________________
is
the
___________________________
of
that
atom.
How
Do
Atoms
Differ?
What
are
isotopes?
___________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Valence
Electrons
and
Bonding
Electrons
surrounding
the
nucleus
are
organized
in
____________________
____________________
.
An
electron
that
is
in
the
outermost
energy
level
of
an
atom
is
a
____________________
____________________
.
A
valence
electron
determines
an
atom’s
____________________
____________________
and
whether
an
atom
will
form
____________________
.
A
____________________
is
the
force
that
joins
two
atoms
together
forming
a
new
substance.
Ionic
Bonds
How
do
ionic
bonds
form?
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
Covalent
Bonds
How
do
covalent
bonds
form?
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
Electron
Dot
Diagram
H
C
O
An
atom’s
valence
electrons
are
represented
by
dots
placed
around
the
symbol
of
an
element.
O
H
H
C
6
Carbon
12
Key
Vocabulary
Terms
•
atom
•
atomic
mass
•
atomic
model
•
atomic
number
•
charge
•
chemical
bond
•
covalent
bond
•
electron
•
electron
cloud
•
element
•
energy
level
•
ionic
bond
•
isotope
•
negative
charge
•
neutron
•
nucleus
•
particle
•
positive
charge
•
proton
•
valence
electron
Carbon
atom
Number
of
neutrons
Number
of
neutrons
Number
of
neutrons
© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4803
www.newpathlearning.com
Properties
of
Atoms
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