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Ionic Bonding
Physical Science - Middle School
❮
1
/
2
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Ionic
Bonding
© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4839
Visit
www.newpathlearning.com
for
Online
Learning
Resources.
Charged
Particles
A
normal
atom
has
a
neutral
charge
with
an
equal
number
of
protons
and
electrons.
For
example,
a
neutral
atom
of
sodium
has
eleven
protons
and
eleven
electrons.
However,
since
atoms
are
more
stable
with
a
full
valence
shell,
an
atom
can
gain
or
lose
electrons
to
become
stable.
If
a
sodium
atom
loses
1
electron,
it
will
have
a
full
valence
shell
but
it
will
no
longer
be
neutral.
The
atom
will
now
have
11
protons
and
10
electrons
for
a
net
charge
of
+1.
A
neutral
atom
becomes
charged
when
there
are
an
unequal
number
of
protons
and
electrons.
For
example,
calcium
loses
two
valence
electrons,
to
form
a
positive
ion
with
a
+2
net
charge
which
is
expressed
as
Ca2+.
Alternatively,
an
oxygen
atom
gains
two
electrons
to
form
a
negative
ion
with
a
-2
charge,
which
is
expressed
as
O2-.
Calcium
Oxygen
8
protons
10
electrons
-2
net
charge
–
O2-
20
protons
18
electrons
+2
net
charge
–
Ca2+
Ionic
Bonds
Ionic
bonds
form
as
a
result
of
the
attraction
between
positive
and
negative
ions.
Ionic
bonding
normally
occurs
between
metal
atoms
and
nonmetal
atoms.
Atoms
with
partially
filled
outer
shells
are
unstable.
To
become
stable,
the
metal
atom
loses
one
or
more
electrons
in
its
outer
shell,
forming
a
positively
charged
ion
or
cation
with
a
stable
electron
configuration.
These
electrons
are
then
gained
by
the
nonmetal
atom,
causing
it
to
form
a
negatively
charged
ion
or
anion,
also
with
a
stable
electron
configuration.
The
attraction
between
the
oppositely
charged
ions
causes
them
to
come
together
and
form
an
ionic
bond.
In
this
example,
sodium
(Na)
and
chlorine
(Cl)
ions
are
attracted
to
each
other
in
a
1:1
ratio
and
combine
to
form
sodium
chloride
(NaCl),
common
table
salt.
creates
a
full
valence
shell
Sodium
ion
(+)
metal
Chlorine
ion
(-)
non-metal
(cation)
(anion)
Cl
Na
+
–
forms
an
ionic
bond
table
salt
Cl-
Na+
Forming
Ions
A
neutral
atom
that
becomes
charged
by
gaining
or
losing
electrons
is
called
an
ion.
An
atom
can
acquire
a
positive
or
negative
charge
depending
on
whether
the
number
of
electrons
is
greater
or
less
than
the
number
of
protons
in
the
atom.
An
atom
with
more
electrons
than
protons,
has
a
negative
charge
and
is
a
negative
ion,
or
anion.
However,
an
atom
with
more
protons
than
electrons,
has
a
net
positive
charge
and
is
a
positive
ion,
or
a
cation.
Since
an
electron
and
a
proton
have
equal
but
opposite
unit
charges,
the
charge
of
an
ion
is
always
expressed
as
a
whole
number
of
unit
charges
and
is
either
positive
or
negative.
Sodium
atom
(neutral)
single
valence
electron
11
protons
11
electrons
11+
(-11)
=
0
0
neutral
charge
full
valence
shell
Sodium
ion
(+1)
11
protons
10
electrons
11+
(-10)
=
+1
+1
net
charge
Ionic
Bonding
© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4839
Visit
www.newpathlearning.com
for
Online
Learning
Resources.
Pause
and
Review
Describe
and
illustrate
ionic
bonding.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Describe
and
illustrate
the
formation
of
ions.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Describe
and
illustrate
a
charged
particle.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
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