The Plant Kingdom

Life Science - Middle School

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The Plant Kingdom Plants are broken down into two main groups - vascular plants and nonvascular plants. About 80% of all plants are vascular plants with special tissues in their stems to move water up from their roots ( xylem) and nutrients down from their leaves ( phloem). This is a little like the arteries and veins moving blood around in your body to deliver nutrients to your cells. Vascular tissues allow plants to grow to large sizes. Vascular plants are broken down into three groups: 1) Seedless Plants: ferns, horsetails and clubmosses. They reproduce using spores instead of seeds. 2) Plants with Naked Seeds: conifer trees, also called gymnosperms. Their seeds are inside dangling cones. They are not surrounded by a fruit like an apple. These plants are pollinated by the wind. Examples of gymnosperms are pine, fir and spruce trees. 3) Plants with Protected Seeds: grasses, flowering plants and leafy (deciduous) trees, also called angiosperms. Their seeds are protected inside a fruit. They start by growing flowers to attract pollinators, like insects, birds and bats. Once they are pollinated, they grow into seeds surrounded by a fruit. Examples of angiosperms are apple trees, raspberry bushes, sunflowers and grass. Nonvascular plants do not have vascular tissues, so they stay small, collecting water directly from their environment. These plants are mosses, liverworts and hornworts. Mosses are also called bryophytes. They are small, low to the ground plants that grow in clumps in shaded areas and moist habitats. xylem moves water up from the roots phloem moves nutrients down from the leaves moss leaves make nutrients using sunlight the roots bring water up from the soil Vascular Plant Structure Ferns, Horsetails, Clubmosses Liverworts, Mosses Nonvascular Plants Seedless Plants Naked Seeds Protected Seeds Nonflowering Plants Flowering Plants Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Plants
Plants are broken down into two main groups - vascular plants and nonvascular plants. About ______ of all plants are vascular plants with special tissues in their stems to move _________________________ up from their roots (___________________) and nutrients down from their ____________________ (___________________). This is a little like the arteries and veins moving blood around in your body to deliver nutrients to your cells. Vascular tissues allow plants to grow to larger sizes. Vascular plants are broken down into three groups: 1) Seedless Plants: ferns, horsetails and clubmosses. They reproduce using __________________________________ instead of seeds. 2) Plants with Naked Seeds: conifer trees, also called gymnosperms. Their seeds are inside dangling ____________________________. They are not surrounded by a fruit like an apple. These plants are pollinated by the wind. Examples of gymnosperms are pine, fir and spruce trees. 3) Plants with Protected Seeds: grasses, flowering plants, and leafy (deciduous) trees, also called _______________________. Their seeds are protected inside a _______________________. They start by growing flowers to attract pollinators, like ___________________________, birds and bats. Once they are pollinated, they grow into seeds surrounded by a fruit. Examples of angiosperms are apple trees, raspberry bushes, sunflowers and grass. Nonvascular plants do not have _______________________ tissues, so they stay small, collecting water directly from their environment. These plants are ___________________, liverworts and hornworts. Mosses are also called _______________________. They are small, low to the ground plants that grow in clumps in shaded areas and moist habitats. xylem moves water up from the roots phloem moves nutrients down from the leaves leaves make nutrients using sunlight Vascular Plant Structure Ferns, Horsetails, Clubmosses Liverworts, Mosses the roots bring water up from the soil Nonvascular Plants Seedless Plants Naked Seeds Protected Seeds Nonflowering Plants Flowering Plants Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Plants The Plant Kingdom 94-4041 moss