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The Endocrine System
Life Science - Middle School
❮
1
/
2
❯
endocrine
cell
hormones
target
body
cell
hormone
receptor
hormone
receptor
complex
blood
vessel
adrenal
gland
kidney
The
Endocrine
System
© C
opyright
NewPath
Learning.
All
Rights
Reserved.
94-4909
www.newpathlearning.com
The
endocrine
system
controls
many
of
the
body’s
daily
activities
and
regulates
growth
and
development.
It
is
made
up
of
glands
known
as
endocrine
glands
which
are
organs
that
produce
and
secrete
special
chemicals
called
hormones
into
the
bloodstream.
Hormones
Hormones
control
many
different
functions
of
the
body
by
speeding
up,
slowing
down,
or
turning
on
or
off
the
activities
of
various
organs.
Because
hormones
are
transported
by
the
blood,
they
are
able
to
regulate
body
activities
far
away
from
the
glands
that
they
are
produced
in.
Hormones
are
able
to
target
a
specifi
c
organ
because
they
all
have
a
unique
chemical
structure.
A
particular
hormone
will
only
react
with
specifi
c
target
cells.
A
target
cell
is
a
cell
that
will
only
recognize
a
hormone
that
has
a
certain
chemical
structure.
Glands
of
the
Endocrine
System
The
endocrine
system
is
controlled
by
the
nervous
system.
When
a
hormone
is
released
from
an
endocrine
gland,
the
brain
sends
a
nerve
impulse
to
the
gland
telling
it
to
release
the
hormone.
Negative
Feedback
The
endocrine
system
maintains
homeostasis
the
same
way
that
your
house
is
heated
during
the
winter
months.
Once
the
heat
drops
down
to
a
certain
point,
the
heat
will
turn
on
and
warm
the
house
to
the
set
temperature
and
then
turns
off.
This
system
is
called
negative
feedback.
Cold
Hypothalamus
Anterior
Pituitary
Thyroid
Hormone
released
(thyroxine)
+
+
+
+
Temperature
increases
The
hypothalamus
is
a
small
part
of
the
brain
which
links
the
nervous
system
and
the
endocrine
system
and
controls
the
pituitary
gland.
The
pituitary
gland
releases
hormones
in
response
to
receiving
nerve
impulses
from
the
hypothalamus.
The
hormones
from
the
pituitary
gland
turn
other
endocrine
glands
on.
The
thyroid
gland
controls
the
metabolism
of
food.
The
parathyroid
glands
control
the
level
of
calcium
found
in
blood.
The
pancreas
regulates
the
level
of
sugar
(glucose)
in
blood
by
producing
the
hormones
insulin
and
glucagon.
The
adrenal
glands
release
adrenaline
in
response
to
an
emergency
situation
and
help
to
maintain
salt
and
water
balance
in
the
kidneys
and
sugar
in
the
blood.
The
testes
release
the
sex
hormone
testosterone
which
controls
male
development.
The
ovaries
release
the
sex
hormone
estrogen
which
controls
female
development.
The
thymus
produces
hormones
that
stimulate
the
production
of
some
infection-fi
ghting
cells
and
in
maturing
T
cells,
an
important
part
of
our
immune
system.
•
endocrine
cell
•
insulin
•
estrogen
•
metabolism
•
glucagon
•
negative
feedback
•
homeostasis
•
nerve
impulse
•
hormone
estrogen
•
target
cell
•
hormone
receptor
•
testosterone
•
hormone
receptor
•
Key
Vocabulary
Terms
complex
\xiBAHBDy01780mzV
The
Endocrine
System
© C
opyright
NewPath
Learning.
All
Rights
Reserved.
94-4909
www.newpathlearning.com
Hormones
What
are
hormones
?
__________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
What
do
hormones
control?
____________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Glands
of
the
Endocrine
System
Describe
the
glands
of
the
endocrine
system:
The
hypothalamus
_____________
_____________________________
_____________________________.
The
pituitary
gland
______________________
_____________________
____________________
____________________
.
The
thyroid
gland
____________
__________________________
________________________
______________________.
The
parathyroid
glands
________________________
________________________.
The
pancreas
________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________.
The
adrenal
glands
_________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________.
The
testes
_________________
_____________________________
________________________________.
The
ovaries
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________.
The
thymus
___________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________.
What
is
the
role
of
the
endocrine
system
?
______________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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