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The Digestive System
Life Science - Middle School
❮
1
/
2
❯
The
Digestive
System
© C
opyright
NewPath
Learning.
All
Rights
Reserved.
94-4902
www.newpathlearning.com
Mouth
Mechanical
digestion
begins
in
the
mouth
where
the
teeth
grind
food
into
smaller
pieces.
The
tongue
mixes
the
food
with
saliva.
Saliva
moistens
the
food
and
begins
the
process
of
chemical
digestion
which
breaks
down
starch
into
simple
sugars.
Esophagus
The
esophagus
is
a
tube
of
muscle
that
connects
the
mouth
to
the
stomach.
The
esophagus
is
lined
with
smooth
muscle,
which
contracts
in
a
wavelike
motion
forcing
food
to
move
down
the
esophagus
in
a
process
called
peristalsis.
Digestive
Organs
Peristalsis
blood
vessels
small
intestine
villi
capillaries
lumen
liver
stomach
pancreas
digestive
juices
small
intestine
gall
bladder
Digestion
is
a
process
of
breaking
down
different
nutrients
into
molecules
that
the
body
can
use.
There
are
three
main
functions
of
the
digestive
system:
1.
Breaks
down
foods
into
molecules
that
the
body
can
use.
2.
Absorbs
the
molecules
into
the
blood
and
sends
them
throughout
the
body.
3.
Eliminates
waste
from
the
body.
Stomach
After
the
esophagus,
food
enters
the
stomach.
The
stomach
is
made
up
of
muscle
which
contracts,
churning
the
food
inside.
This
is
a
type
of
mechanical
digestion.
The
stomach
also
produces
digestive
juices
that
coat
the
food
and
digests
it
chemically.
The
digestive
juice
contains
an
enzyme
called
pepsin
which
breaks
down
proteins
into
amino
acids.
Small
intestine
The
majority
of
chemical
digestion
and
absorption
takes
place
in
the
small
intestine.
The
chemicals
and
enzymes
that
are
necessary
for
chemical
digestion
are
produced
by
the
small
intestine,
pancreas,
and
the
liver.
The
pancreas
produces
enzymes
that
aid
in
the
break
down
of
fats,
proteins,
and
starches.
The
liver
produces
bile,
a
chemical
that
breaks
up
fatty
substances.
After
the
liver
produces
bile,
it
stores
it
in
a
structure
called
the
gallbladder.
The
inner
lining
of
the
small
intestine
has
a
layer
of
structures
called
villi
which
increase
the
surface
area
and
allow
nutrients
to
pass
into
the
blood
stream.
Large
intestine
The
large
intestine
is
the
last
section
of
the
digestive
system
and
receives
food
that
cannot
be
absorbed
into
the
blood
stream.
While
little
digestion
takes
place
here,
the
large
intestine
absorbs
water
from
undigested
food
and
stores
solid
wastes
until
they
leave
the
body.
The
bacteria
that’s
present
supplies
the
body
with
vitamin
K.
absorption
(mostly
small
intestine)
ingestion
propulsion
defecation
mechanical
digestion
(chewing)
(churning)
(peristalsis)
mechanical
digestion
chemical
digestion
Digestive
Process
rectum
large
intestine
small
intestine
stomach
pancreas
liver
tongue
salivary
glands
esophagus
food
\|xiBAHBDy01779qzZ
© C
opyright
NewPath
Learning.
All
Rights
Reserved.
94-4902
www.newpathlearning.com
The
Digestive
System
Digestive
Organs
•
capillaries
•
pancreas
•
digestive
juices
•
salivary
glands
•
esophagus
•
small
intestine
•
gall
bladder
•
stomach
•
large
intestine
•
teeth
•
liver
•
tongue
•
lumen
•
rectum
•
mouth
•
villi
Key
Vocabulary
Terms
Digestive
Process
What
are
the
three
main
functions
of
the
digestive
system?
1.
__________________________________________________________________
2.
__________________________________________________________________
3.
__________________________________________________________________
Describe
the
function
of
each
of
the
following
structures:
Mouth
______________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Esophagus
__________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Stomach
____________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Small
intestine
_______________________________________
_________________________________________________
Large
intestine
_____________________________________
______________________________________________
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