Plant Cells & Photosynthesis

Life Science - Middle School

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Plants are made up of cells, just like animals, and each cell has tiny working organelles. Each cell has a cell nucleus (1) where the DNA is found with all the plant’s genetic information. They have mitochondria (2) to break down sugars to make ATP, which is used by the cell as energy. They have rough endoplasmic reticulum (3) (or rough ER), which are folded membrane pathways that are spotted with tiny ribosomes (4) where proteins are made. The Golgi apparatus (5) is made up of flat vesicles that package things needing to leave the cell, like hormones. Plant cells have some things animal cells do not, like much larger vacuoles (6) for storing water. They also have a thick cell wall (7) surrounding the cell’s plasma membrane (8). This helps give the plant a more solid form so it can stand upright. Plant cells also have chloroplasts (9), the organelles that contain the green pigment chlorophyll which absorbs light energy from the sun for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process in which green plants use solar energy to change carbon dioxide ( CO 2) and water into oxygen ( O 2) and a simple sugar called glucose. Glucose is needed for energy, growth and repair. This vital process gives green plants the remarkable ability to fuel all life on Earth while renewing our oxygen supply. Without plants making energy through photosynthesis, life as we know it would not exist. The actual chemical formula of photosynthesis takes six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water and, using light energy, turns them into one glucose molecule and six molecules of oxygen. Plant Cells & Photosynthesis Photosynthesis: 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2O + Sunlight = C 6H12O6 + 6 O 2 Plant Cell Chloroplast 6 2 8 7 1 5 4 3 9
Plants are made up of cells, just like animals, and each cell has tiny working organelles. Each cell has a _____________ __________________________ (1) where the _________ is found with all the plant’s genetic information. They have __________________________ (2) to break down sugars to make ATP, which is used by the cell as energy. They have rough endoplasmic reticulum (3) (or rough ER), which are folded membrane pathways that are spotted with tiny ____________________________ (4) where ________________________ are made. The ________________ apparatus (5) is made up of flat vesicles that package things needing to leave the cell, like hormones. Plant cells have some things animal cells do not, like much larger __________________________ (6) for storing ____________________. They also have a thick ______________ _____________ (7) surrounding the cell’s _____________________ membrane (8). This helps give the plant a more solid form so it can stand upright. Plant cells also have ___________________________ (9), the organelles that contain the green pigment _______________________________ which absorbs light energy from the sun for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process where green plants use solar energy to change ______________________ _________________________ ( CO 2) and water into ______________________ ( O 2) and a simple sugar called ________________________. Glucose is needed for energy, growth and repair. Without plants making energy through photosynthesis, life as we know it would not exist. The actual chemical formula of photosynthesis takes six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of __________________________ and, using light energy, turns them into one glucose molecule and six molecules of oxygen. Photosynthesis: 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2O + Sunlight = C 6H12O6 + 6 O 2 Plant Cell Chloroplast Plant Cells & Photosynthesis 6 2 8 7 1 5 4 3 9 94-4042