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Rocks
Earth Science - Middle School
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sandstone
(sedimentary)
gneiss
(metamorphic,
foliated)
quartzite
(metamorphic,
nonfoliated)
granite
(igneous)
shale
(sedimentary)
slate
(metamorphic,
foliated)
Foliated
metamorphic
rock
is
arranged
in
layers.
Heat
& Pr
essure
erosion
compaction
cementation
Sedimentary
Rocks
sandstone
conglomerate
limestone
shale
coquina
Sedimentary
Rocks
Sedimentary
rocks
are
rocks
that
have
been
placed
in
layers
by
weathering
or
erosion.
Over
millions
of
years,
these
layers
are
compressed
and
cemented
together.
Igneous
Rocks
Igneous
rocks
form
when
liquid
rock
cools
and
hardens.
Liquid
rock
that
is
under
the
crust
is
called
magma.
When
it
pours
out
onto
the
Earth’s
surface,
it
is
then
called
lava.
Igneous
rocks
are
classified
by
their
origin,
texture
and
composition.
Intrusive
igneous
rocks
originate
from
cooling
magma,
while
extrusive
rocks
are
made
from
cooling
lava.
Texture
is
related
to
how
long
it
takes
a
rock
to
cool.
Slow-
cooling
rocks
form
visible
crystals,
while
fast-cooling
rocks
have
small
crystals
that
are
not
always
visible.
Dark
igneous
rocks,
described
as
mafic,
have
a
different
composition
than
light
igneous
rocks,
described
as
felsic.
Granite
is
a
light-colored
intrusive
rock
with
visible
crystals.
Pumice
is
a
lightweight
rock
made
from
frothing
lava
and
gases.
It
is
the
only
rock
that
can
float
on
water.
Basalt
forms
much
of
the
ocean’s
crust.
Obsidian
is
a
dark,
glassy
igneous
rock.
There
are
three
categories
of
sedimentary
rocks.
Clastic
sedimentary
rocks
are
composed
of
pieces
of
other
pre-existing
rock.
These
pre-existing
rocks
are
weathered
and
transported
by
water
and
wind
and
are
re-deposited
elsewhere.
The
sediments
accumulate
and
lithify
(become
solid
rock).
Chemical
sedimentary
rocks
are
sedimentary
rocks
that
formed
through
chemical
precipitation.
Under
ideal
conditions,
dissolved
lime
in
ocean
water
precipitates
out
of
the
water
and
accumulates
on
the
ocean
floor
which
eventually
lithifies
into
limestone.
Biochemical
or
(organic)
sedimentary
rocks
form
when
the
shell
remains
of
organisms
collect
on
the
ocean
floor
and
lithify,
becoming
fossils
and
a
layer
of
limestone.
Metamorphic
Rocks
Metamorphic
rocks
are
rocks
that
have
changed
as
the
result
of
intense
heat
and
pressure
deep
in
the
Earth’s
crust.
Metamorphic
rocks
are
classified
as
foliated
and
nonfoliated.
Foliated
metamorphic
rocks
such
as
gneiss,
schist
and
slate
have
their
mineral
grains
arranged
in
parallel
layers.
Nonfoliated
metamorphic
rocks
such
as
marble
and
quartzite
have
their
mineral
grains
arranged
randomly.
Rocks
© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4102
www.newpathlearning.com
Some
photos
courtesy
of
USGS.
pumice
obsidian
granite
basalt
lava
magma
Sedimentary
Rocks
Sedimentary
Rocks
What
are
sedimentary
rocks?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Igneous
Rocks
How
do
igneous
rocks
form?
________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
How
are
igneous
rocks
classified?
____________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Dark
igneous
rocks
are
referred
to
as
__________________.
Light
colored
igneous
rocks
are
referred
to
as
__________________________.
There
are
three
categories
of
sedimentary
rocks.
Clastic
sedimentary
rocks
_______________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Chemical
sedimentary
rocks
_____________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Biochemical
or
(organic)
sedimentary
rocks
_______________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Metamorphic
Rocks
What
are
metamorphic
rocks?
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Metamorphic
rocks
are
classified
as
____________________________
and
__________________________
__________________________.
Foliated
metamorphic
rocks
_________________________________
_________________________________
Nonfoliated
metamorphic
rocks
_________________________________
_________________________________
Heat
& Pr
essure
•
biochemical
sedimentary
rock
•
chemical
sedimentary
rock
•
clastic
sedimentary
rock
•
erosion
•
felsic
•
foliated
metamorphic
rock
•
igneous
rock
•
lava
•
mafic
•
magma
•
metamorphic
rock
•
nonfoliated
metamorphic
rock
•
sedimentary
rock
•
weathering
Key
Vocabulary
Terms
Rocks
© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4102
www.newpathlearning.com
Some
photos
courtesy
of
USGS.
\|xiBAHBDy01793mzV
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