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AL.1.Physical Science Core - Students will:
Physical Science Core - Students will:
1.1. Recognize periodic trends of elements, including the number of valence electrons, atomic size, and reactivity.1.1.a. Categorizing elements as metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and noble gases
1.1.b. Differentiating between families and periods
1.1.c. Using atomic number and mass number to identify isotopes
1.10. Explain the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Example: using a moving charge to create a magnetic field and using a moving magnetic field to induce a current in a closed wire loop1.10.a. Differentiating between induction and conductionQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Electricity
1.10.b. Identifying mechanical, magnetic, and chemical methods used to create an electrical charge. Examples: mechanical - rubbing materials together, magnetic - moving a closed loop of wire across a magnetic field, chemical - using batteriesQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Electricity
1.10.c. Describing electrical circuits in terms of Ohm's lawQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Electricity
1.12. Identify metric units for mass, distance, time, temperature, velocity, acceleration, density, force, energy, and power.Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Forces Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Gases Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Heat Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Motion Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Motion
1.2. Identify solutions in terms of components, solubility, concentration, and conductivity.1.2.b. Comparing characteristics of electrolytes and nonelectrolytesQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Electricity
1.3. Contrast the formation of ionic and covalent bonds based on the transfer or sharing of valence electrons.1.3.a. Demonstrating the formation of positive and negative monatomic ions by using electron dot diagrams
1.4. Use nomenclature and chemical formulas to write balanced chemical equations.1.4.b. Identifying chemical reactions as composition, decomposition, single replacement, or double replacement
1.4.c. Defining the role of electrons in chemical reactions
1.5. Describe physical and chemical changes in terms of endothermic and exothermic processes.
1.6. Identify characteristics of gravitational, electromagnetic, and nuclear forces.
1.7. Relate velocity, acceleration, and kinetic energy to mass, distance, force, and time.1.7.a. Interpreting graphic representations of velocity versus time and distance versus timeQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Motion Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Motion
1.7.b. Solving problems for velocity, acceleration, force, work, and powerQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Forces Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Motion Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Motion
1.7.c. Describing action and reaction forces, inertia, acceleration, momentum, and friction in terms of Newton's three laws of motionQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Forces
1.7.d. Determining the resultant of collinear forces acting on a body. Example: solving problems involving the effect of a tailwind or headwind on an airplane
1.7.e. Solving problems for efficiency and mechanical advantage of simple machines
1.8. Relate the law of conservation of energy to transformations of potential energy, kinetic energy, and thermal energy.1.8.a. Identifying the relationship between thermal energy and the temperature of a sample of matterQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Gases Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Heat
1.8.b. Describing the flow of thermal energy between two samples of matter
1.8.c. Explaining how thermal energy is transferred by radiation, conduction, and convection
1.8.d. Relating simple formulas to the calculation of potential energy, kinetic energy, and workQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Heat
1.9. Compare methods of energy transfer by mechanical and electromagnetic waves.1.9.a. Distinguishing between transverse and longitudinal mechanical waves
1.9.b. Relating physical properties of sound and light to wave characteristics. Examples: loudness to amplitude, pitch to frequency, color to wavelength and frequencyQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Light Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Light Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Light Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Sound Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Sound
AL.10.Genetic Elective Core - Students will:
Genetic Elective Core - Students will:
10.10. Explain the development and purpose of the Human Genome Project.10.10.a. Analyzing results of the Human Genome Project to predict ethical, social, and legal implications
10.11. Describe the replication of DNA and RNA viruses, including lytic and lysogenic cycles, using diagrams.
10.2. Describe factors such as radiation, chemicals, and chance that cause mutations in populations.10.2.a. Describing effects of genetic variability on adaptations
10.3. Describe the significance of Mendel's work to the development of the modern science of genetics, including the laws of segregation and independent assortment.
10.4. Describe the process of meiosis and the cell cycle, including the hereditary significance of each.10.4.a. Comparing spermatogenesis and oogenesis using charts
10.5. Describe inheritance patterns based on gene interactions.10.5.a. Predicting patterns of heredity using pedigree analysis
10.5.b. Identifying incomplete dominance, codominance, and multiple allelism
10.6. Describe occurrences and effects of sex linkage, autosomal linkage, crossover, multiple alleles, and polygenes.
10.7. Describe the structure and function of DNA, including replication, translation, and transcription.10.7.a. Applying the genetic code to predict amino acid sequence
10.7.b. Describing methods cells use to regulate gene expression
10.7.c. Defining the role of RNA in protein synthesis
10.8. Explain the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes, including transposons, introns, and exons.
AL.11.Geology Elective Core - Students will:
Geology Elective Core - Students will:
11.1. Describe Earth's layers, including the lithosphere, asthenosphere, outer core, and inner core.11.1.c. Relating the types of lithosphere to tectonic plates. Examples: granitic lithosphere with continental plates, basaltic lithosphere with oceanic plates
11.1.d. Comparing the temperature, density, and composition of Earth's crust to that of the mantle and outer and inner cores
11.10. Explain the mechanism of plate tectonics.11.10.a. Explaining processes that cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptionsQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Earthquakes Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Volcanoes
11.10.b. Identifying Earth's main tectonic plates
11.10.c. Describing faults and folds and their relationships to tectonic forcesQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Earthquakes
11.10.d. Describing technologies used to measure and forecast earthquakes and volcanic eruptionsQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Earthquakes
11.11. Identify mass movements, including topples, slides, spreads, and flows.Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Volcanoes
11.13. Describe the formation and characteristics of river systems.11.13.a. Explaining the formation of alluvial fansQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Rocks Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks
11.14. Explain the interaction of the continuous processes of waves, tides, and winds with the coastal environment.11.14.a. Identifying the impact of periodic weather phenomena on coastal regions. Examples: hurricanes destroying sand dunes, El Nino or La Nina redefining shorelines
11.15. Identify geological regions in Alabama and the southeastern United States.11.15.a. Identifying geological ages of Alabama rocks
11.15.c. Identifying earthquake zones in Alabama
11.15.d. Identifying types of rocks in AlabamaQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Rocks Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks
11.15.e. Identifying areas of Alabama that have sinkholes and caves
11.15.f. Identifying varying seasonal rainfall patterns throughout Alabama
11.2. Relate the concept of equilibrium to geological processes, including plate tectonics and stream flow. Examples: stream channel on a slope, movement of tectonic plates, convection within Earth
11.3. Explain natural phenomena that shape the surface of Earth, including rock cycles, plate motions and interactions, erosion and deposition, volcanism, earthquakes, weathering, and tides.Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Rocks Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Volcanoes Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks
11.4. Describe the topography of the sea floor and the continents.11.4.a. Describing the formation of continental shelves
11.4.b. Explaining changes of continental topography caused by erosion and uplift. Example: formation of southern Appalachian Mountains in AlabamaQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Rocks Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks
11.5. Classify rocks as sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic.11.5.a. Identifying characteristics of extrusive and intrusive igneous rocksQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Rocks Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks
11.5.b. Describing mineral composition and chemical elements of rocksQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Rocks Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks
11.5.c. Describing characteristics of clastic, organic, and chemical sedimentary rocksQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Rocks Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks
11.5.d. Explaining texture and composition of rocksQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Rocks Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks
11.6. Explain the concept of geological time within the framework of the geologic time scale.11.6.a. Describing how sedimentary rocks provide a record of evolutionary change
11.6.b. Describing the role of fossils in determining the age of strataQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Fossils Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Fossils
11.6.c. Identifying geological time scales, including eon, era, period, and epoch
11.6.d. Identifying relative and absolute dating methodsQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Fossils Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Fossils
11.7. Describe processes of rock formation. Examples: cooling, deposition11.7.a. Explaining factors that control texture and composition of rocks. Examples: formation depth, formation size, chemical compositionQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Rocks Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks
11.7.b. Describing processes of fossil formationQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Fossils Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Fossils
11.8. Explain interactions among topography, climate, organic activity, time, and parent material through which soils are created.
AL.12.Human Anatomy and Physiology Elective Core - Students will:
Human Anatomy and Physiology Elective Core - Students will:
12.10. Identify structures and functions of the digestive system.12.10.a. Tracing the pathway of digestion from the mouth to the anus using diagrams
12.10.b. Identifying disorders affecting the digestive system. Examples: ulcers, Crohn's disease, diverticulitis
12.11. Identify structures and functions of the respiratory system.12.11.a. Tracing the pathway of the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
12.11.b. Recognizing common disorders of the respiratory system. Examples: asthma, bronchitis, cystic fibrosis
12.12. Identify structures and functions of the reproductive system.12.12.a. Differentiating between male and female reproductive systems
12.12.b. Recognizing stages of pregnancy and fetal development
12.12.c. Identifying disorders of the reproductive system. Examples: endometriosis, sexually transmitted diseases, prostate cancer
12.13. Identify structures and functions of the urinary system.12.13.a. Tracing the filtration of blood from the kidneys to the urethra
12.13.b. Recognizing diseases and disorders of the urinary system. Examples: kidney stones, urinary tract infections
12.14. Identify the endocrine glands and their functions.12.14.a. Describing effects of hormones produced by the endocrine glands
12.14.b. Identifying common disorders of the endocrine system. Examples: diabetes, goiter, hyperthyroidism
12.15. Identify physiological effects and components of the immune system.12.15.a. Contrasting active and passive immunity
12.15.b. Evaluating the importance of vaccines
12.15.c. Recognizing disorders and diseases of the immune system. Examples: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), acute lymphocytic leukemia
12.3. Classify major types of cells, including squamous, cuboidal, columnar, simple, and stratified.
12.4. Classify tissues as connective, muscular, nervous, or epithelial.
12.5. Identify anatomical structures and functions of the integumentary system.12.5.a. Identifying accessory organs
12.5.b. Recognizing diseases and disorders of the integumentary system. Examples: decubitus ulcer, melanoma, psoriasis
12.6. Identify bones that compose the skeletal system.12.6.a. Identifying functions of the skeletal system
12.6.b. Identifying subdivisions of the skeleton as axial and appendicular skeletons
12.6.c. Classifying types of joints according to their movement
12.6.d. Identifying the four bone types
12.6.e. Identifying various types of skeletal system disorders. Examples: fractures, arthritis
12.7. Identify major muscles, including origins, insertions, and actions.12.7.a. Describing common types of body movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
12.7.b. Classifying muscles based on functions in the body, including prime movers, antagonists, synergists, and fixators
12.7.c. Comparing skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles based on their microscopic anatomy
12.8. Identify structures of the nervous system.12.8.a. Explaining differences in the function of the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system
12.8.b. Labeling parts of sensory organs, including the eye, ear, tongue, and skin receptors
12.8.c. Recognizing diseases and disorders of the nervous system. Examples: Parkinson's disease, meningitis
12.9. Identify structures and functions of the cardiovascular system.12.9.a. Tracing the flow of blood through the body
12.9.b. Identifying components of blood
12.9.c. Describing blood cell formation
12.9.d. Distinguishing among human blood groups
12.9.e. Describing common cardiovascular diseases and disorders. Examples: myocardial infarction, mitral valve prolapse, varicose veins, arteriosclerosis
AL.13.Marine Science Elective Core - Students will:
Marine Science Elective Core - Students will:
13.11. Describe positive and negative effects of human influence on marine environments. Examples: positive - reef restoration, protection of endangered species; negative - pollution, overfishingQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Oceans
13.2. Differentiate among freshwater, brackish water, and saltwater.Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Oceans
13.3. Describe physical characteristics of oceans, including topography of the ocean floor, plate tectonics, wave motion, depth, and pressure.Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Oceans
13.4. Recognize interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean.13.4.a. Describing how waves, ocean currents, and tides are generatedQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Oceans
13.5. Discuss physical and chemical properties of saltwater. Examples: physical - turbidity, temperature, density; chemical - salinity, pH, dissolved gasesQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Oceans
13.6. Describe components of major marine ecosystems, including estuaries, coral reefs, benthic communities, and open-ocean communities.Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Oceans Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game & Study Guide Rocks Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks
13.7. Identify patterns and interrelationships among producers, consumers, scavengers, and decomposers in a marine ecosystem.
13.8. Describe characteristics of marine plant and algae divisions.13.8.a. Describing commercial, economical, and medicinal values of marine plants and algaeQuiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Oceans
13.9. Arrange various forms of marine life from most simple to most complex.13.9.c. Identifying characteristics of marine invertebrates. Examples: Protozoa, Porifera, Coelenterata, Arthropoda
13.9.d. Identifying characteristics of marine vertebrates. Examples: fishes, reptiles, birds, mammals
AL.14.Zoology Elective Core - Students will:
Zoology Elective Core - Students will:
14.1. Define basic anatomical terminology associated with the study of animals. Examples: dorsal, superior, plantar, caudal, aboral
14.2. Distinguish among the acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, and coelomate body plans.
14.3. Identify the body symmetry of animals as radial, bilateral, or asymmetrical.
14.4. Use taxonomic groupings to differentiate the structure and physiology of invertebrates with dichotomous keys.14.4.a. Identifying examples and characteristics of Porifera
14.4.b. Identifying examples and characteristics of Cnidaria
14.4.c. Identifying examples and characteristics of Mollusca
14.4.d. Identifying examples and characteristics of worms, including Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, and Annelida
14.4.e. Identifying examples, characteristics, and life cycles of Arthropoda
14.4.f. Identifying examples and characteristics of Echinodermata
14.5. Use taxonomic groupings to differentiate structure and physiology of vertebrates with dichotomous keys.14.5.a. Identifying examples and characteristics of the three classes of fish
14.5.b. Identifying examples and characteristics of Amphibia
14.5.c. Identifying examples and characteristics of Reptilia
14.5.d. Identifying examples and characteristics of Aves
14.5.e. Identifying examples and characteristics of Mammalia
14.6. Identify factors used to distinguish species, including behavioral differences and reproductive isolation.
AL.2.Biology Core - Students will:
Biology Core - Students will:
2.1. Select appropriate laboratory glassware, balances, time measuring equipment, and optical instruments to conduct an experiment.2.1.a. Describing the steps of the scientific method
2.1.b. Comparing controls, dependent variables, and independent variables
2.1.c. Identifying safe laboratory procedures when handling chemicals and using Bunsen burners and laboratory glassware
2.10. Distinguish between monocots and dicots, angiosperms and gymnosperms, and vascular and nonvascular plants.2.10.a. Describing the histology of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers
2.10.b. Recognizing chemical and physical adaptations of plants. Examples: chemical - foul odor, bitter taste, toxicity; physical - spines, needles, broad leaves
2.11. Classify animals according to type of skeletal structure, method of fertilization and reproduction, body symmetry, body coverings, and locomotion. Examples: skeletal structure - vertebrates, invertebrates; fertilization - external, internal; reproduction - sexual, asexual; body symmetry - bilateral, radial, asymmetrical; body coverings - feathers, scales, fur; locomotion - cilia, flagella, pseudopodia
2.12. Describe protective adaptations of animals, including mimicry, camouflage, beak type, migration, and hibernation.2.12.a. Identifying ways in which the theory of evolution explains the nature and diversity of organisms
2.12.b. Describing natural selection, survival of the fittest, geographic isolation, and fossil record
2.13. Trace the flow of energy as it decreases through the trophic levels from producers to the quaternary level in food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids.2.13.b. Contrasting autotrophs and heterotrophs
2.13.c. Describing the niche of decomposers
2.13.d. Using the ten percent law to explain the decreasing availability of energy through the trophic levels 