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Rocks, Soil and water
Science, Grade 2
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Study Guide Rocks, Soil and water Science, Grade 2
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ROCKS,
SOIL
AND
WATER
What
are
Rocks?
Rocks
are
solid
objects
found
in
nature.
Rocks
are
made
up
of
minerals.
Minerals
are
used
by
people
every
day.
For
example,
a
mineral
called
lead
is
used
to
make
your
pencil.
Rocks
are
nonliving
things.
They
are
NOT
alive.
Rocks
come
in
different
shapes
and
sizes.
When
you
go
to
the
beach,
that
sand
you
walk
on
is
made
up
of
tiny
pieces
of
broken
rock.
Let’s
check
what
we
have
learned
so
far:
What
are
rocks?
What
is
Soil?
Soil
is
the
loose
material
the
covers
much
of
the
Earth.
Soil
is
also
nonliving.
There
are
different
layers
of
soil
on
the
Earth.
Soil
can
be
made
of
clay,
sand,
and
humus.
What
is
humus?
Humus
is
made
up
of
different
things
that
were
once
alive.
Let’s
check
what
we
have
learned
so
far:
What
is
humus?
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granted
for
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purchaser
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educational
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only.
Visit
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How
Does
Earth
Change?
The
Earth
goes
through
many
changes
each
day,
week,
month,
and
year!
Many
things
happen
on
Earth
that
cause
changes
–
some
changes
you
can
see
easily,
other
changes
are
small
that
you
might
not
notice
right
away.
Weathering
and
Erosion
Weathering
is
when
rocks
break
apart
from
wind,
water,
or
ice.
When
this
happens,
the
rocks
change.
Weathering
can
change
the
size
and
shape
of
rocks.
Erosion
also
causes
the
Earth
to
change.
Erosion
is
when
pieces
of
rocks
and
soil
move
because
of
the
wind
and
water.
When
waves
crash
on
the
beach,
the
waves
can
wash
away
some
of
the
sand
which
takes
away
some
of
the
beach
area.
This
is
an
example
of
erosion.
Let’s
check
what
we
have
learned
so
far:
What
is
weathering?
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purchaser
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Volcanoes
Volcanoes
cause
changes
on
Earth
too.
A
volcano
is
an
opening
in
the
Earth’s
crust
where
hot,
melted
rock
can
quickly
shoot
out.
This
hot,
melted
rock
comes
from
inside
the
Earth.
The
hot,
melted
rock
is
called
lava
when
it
comes
out
ABOVE
the
Earth’s
surface.
Earthquakes
Earthquakes
cause
changes
on
Earth
too.
The
bigger
the
earthquake,
the
more
changes
it
makes.
An
earthquake
is
when
the
Earth’s
crust
moves
suddenly
which
causes
the
ground
to
shake
and
vibrate
very
hard.
The
shaking
and
vibration
can
cause
a
lot
of
damage
to
the
Earth’s
surface
and
to
the
buildings
on
the
Earth
too.
Let’s
check
what
we
have
learned
so
far:
What
is
a
volcano?
© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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purchaser
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educational
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Visit
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www.NewPathLearning.com.
Bodies
of
Water
on
Earth
A
lake
is
large
body
of
water
that
has
land
all
around
it.
A
river
is
water
that
flows
(this
means
that
the
water
is
always
moving)
naturally
in
one
direction.
A
river
is
larger
than
a
brook
or
a
creek.
An
ocean
is
a
very
large
body
of
water
that
is
made
up
of
saltwater.
Oceans
cover
about
¾
of
the
Earth’s
surface.
That
is
a
lot
of
ocean
water!
Let’s
check
what
we
have
learned
so
far:
What
is
a
river?
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for
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purchaser
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print
copies
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educational
purposes
only.
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The
Water
Cycle
All
living
things
need
WATER
to
survive
and
to
grow.
The
movement
and
recycling
of
the
Earth’s
water
is
called
the
water
cycle.
The
water
cycle
is
when
water
moves
from
the
Earth
to
the
air
and
back
to
the
Earth
again.
© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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purchaser
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The
Water
Cycle
Has
Several
Stages:
•
Evaporation
is
when
water
(like
the
water
in
the
ocean)
changes
from
liquid
into
a
gas
–
water
vapor.
o
Evaporation
happens
when
the
sun
warms
a
body
of
water
(like
an
ocean
or
lake)
and
the
heat
changes
some
of
the
water
into
water
vapor,
which
rises
off
the
water
and
goes
into
the
air.
•
Condensation
is
when
the
water
vapor
in
the
air
cools
and
changes
back
into
a
liquid.
•
Precipitation
is
how
the
condensed
water
gets
back
to
the
earth!
Rain,
hail,
sleet,
and
snow
are
all
forms
of
precipitation.
•
Water
run-off
is
the
water
that
falls
back
to
earth
as
precipitation,
and
runs
off
of
hills
and
mountains
into
lakes,
rivers,
and
oceans.
Some
water
ends
up
on
land
and
soaks
into
the
ground.
This
water
is
called
groundwater.
Let’s
check
what
we
have
learned
so
far:
What
is
precipitation?
© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Permission
is
granted
for
the
purchaser
to
print
copies
for
non-commercial
educational
purposes
only.
Visit
us
at
www.NewPathLearning.com.
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